Effect of Speech Noise on Visual Stimuli Recognition in Young Preschoolers

THE EFFECT OF SPEECH NOISE ON THE RECOGNITION OF VISUAL STIMULI BY YOUNGER PRESCHOOLERS ON A COMPUTER MAKSIM L. STRUZHKIN SENIOR LABORATORY ASSISTANT, LABORATORY OF SPEECH PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, PAVLOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TAMARA G. KUZNETSOVA DOCTOR OF SCIENCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, LEADING RESEARCHER AT THE LABORATORY OF NEUROMODULATION OF MOTOR AND VISCERAL FUNCTIONS, PAVLOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY TO IDENTIFY HOW ACOUSTIC NOISE (SPOKEN LANGUAGE) SUPPLIED THROUGH HEADPHONES AFFECTS THE PROCESS OF TEACHING CHILDREN 3-4 YEARS OLD TO IDENTIFY VISUAL STIMULI OF DIFFERENT COLORS OF THE SAME SIZE AND THE SAME COLOR OF DIFFERENT SIZES WHEN WORKING WITH THIS TECHNIQUE.

SAMPLE DESCRIPTION THE STUDY INVOLVED 30 CHILDREN (13 GIRLS AND 17 BOYS) AGED 3-4 YEARS (3.5 0.43) WITH NORMAL VISION AND HEARING ATTENDING KINDERGARTEN. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN 2 STAGES WITH A TIME DIFFERENCE OF 2 MONTHS. EMPIRICAL STUDY THIS STUDY HAS BEEN CONDUCTED SINCE OCTOBER 2022 TO MAY 2023 AND IS PART OF A SERIES OF STUDIES THAT ARE BEING CONDUCTED FROM 2020 TO THE PRESENT DAY.

RESEARCH DESIGN STEP 1. PRESENTING STIMULI TO CHILDREN IN A PLAYFUL WAY ON A COMPUTER SCREEN WITHOUT NOISE ACCOMPANIMENT. STEP 2. TWO MONTHS LATER, THE STUDY WAS REPEATED WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF THE SAME CHILDREN - STIMULI WERE PRESENTED ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN WITH A BACKGROUND OF "POLYPHONY NOISE" OF SPEAKERS SUPPLIED THROUGH HOUSEHOLD HEADPHONES. STEP 3. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA OBTAINED AFTER THE STUDY USING STATISTICAL METHODS.

RESEARCH METHODS THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON THE BASIS OF A METHODOLOGY DEVELOPED BY US*. CLASSES WERE HELD IN A SEPARATE ROOM, WHERE GEOMETRIC SHAPES OF EITHER THE SAME SIZE, BUT DIFFERENT COLORS, OR DIFFERENT COLORS OF THE SAME SIZE, LOCATED AT ARM'S LENGTH OF THE CHILD, WITHOUT AND WITH NOISE IN THE FORM OF "ADULT POLYPHONY" SPEAKERS (3 MALE AND 3 FEMALE VOICES) WERE CONSISTENTLY DISPLAYED ON THE TOUCH SCREEN OF A 475 LUX BACKLIT MONITOR, SUPPLIED THROUGH HOUSEHOLD HEADPHONES, WITH AN AVERAGE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF 164.7 53.5 HZ, TIME AND SPECTRAL RANGE. THE NOISE LEVEL CORRESPONDED TO THE AVERAGE LEVEL OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE (45 DB). *DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A TECHNIQUE FOR RECOGNIZING VISUAL STIMULI USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN STRUZHKIN M.L., KUZNETSOVA T.G., GODYNSKAYA N.V. BULLETIN OF THE NORTHEASTERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M.K. AMMOSOV. SERIES: PEDAGOGY. PSYCHOLOGY. PHILOSOPHY. 2020. NO. 4 (20). PP. 65-68. RECOGNITION AND SELECTION OF GEOMETRIC VISUAL STIMULI PRESENTED ON THE MONITOR SCREEN BY CHILDREN 3-4 YEARS OLD KUZNETSOVA T.G., STRUZHKIN M.L. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2022. VOL. 15. NO. 4. PP. 77-90.

OBTAINED RESULT THE NUMBER OF MISTAKES MADE BY CHILDREN IN IDENTIFYING AND CHOOSING PAIRS OF THE SAME STIMULI IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS: A IN SILENCE, B AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ACOUSTIC DISCORDANT NOISE. 3,6 2,2 3,4 2,0 3,2 3,0 1,8 2,8 1,6 2,6 2,4 1,4 2,2 2,0 1,2 1,8 1,0 1,6 Average Average St.err. Average 1,96*St.err. 1,4 Av erage Av erage St.err. Average 1,96*St.err. Color - silence 0,8 Size silence Size noise Color noise OF INTEREST WAS THE COMPARISON OF ERRONEOUS CHOICES MADE BY CHILDREN WHEN IDENTIFYING AND CHOOSING PAIRS OF STIMULI OF THE SAME NAME "COLOR-SILENCE COLOR-NOISE" AND "SIZE-SILENCE SIZE- NOISE". IT TURNED OUT THAT CONVERSATIONAL INTERFERENCE (NOISE) SIGNIFICANTLY (STUDENT'S PAIRED T- CRITERION FOR DEPENDENT SAMPLES: COLOR-COLOR P<0.001 AND P<0.002, RESPECTIVELY) WORSENED THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF BOTH STIMULI.

OBTAINED RESULT COMPARISON OF THE LATENCY PERIOD (MSEC) IN PAIRS OF THE SAME STIMULI A) COLOR SILENCE / COLOR NOISE, B) SIZE SILENCE / SIZE NOISE. 2,6 8 2,4 7 2,2 6 2,0 5 1,8 4 1,6 3 1,4 2 1,2 Average Average St.err. Average 1,96*St.err. Average Average St.err. Average 1,96*St.err. 1 1,0 Color silence Color noise Size silence Size noise THE COMPARISON OF THE LATENCY PERIOD AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NOISE SIGNIFICANTLY (P<0.001) INCREASED BOTH WHEN CHOOSING PAIRED COLOR AND SINGLE-COLOR MULTI-DIMENSIONAL STIMULI (P<0.001).THUS, CHILDREN 3-4 YEARS OLD NEEDED MORE TIME TO SELECT STIMULI OF DIFFERENT COLORS THAN TO IDENTIFY STIMULI OF DIFFERENT SIZES, WHICH WAS ESPECIALLY CLEARLY MANIFESTED WHEN INTRODUCING "NOISE".

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY WHEN IDENTIFYING COLORED GEOMETRIC SHAPES OF THE SAME SIZE PRESENTED ON THE MONITOR SCREEN, CHILDREN 3-4 YEARS OLD MADE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE ERRONEOUS CHOICES IN COMPARISON WITH THE IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES OF THE SAME COLOR, BUT OF DIFFERENT SIZES THE INTRODUCTION OF ACOUSTIC NOISE NOT ONLY MAINTAINED THE SAME DEPENDENCE, BUT SIGNIFICANTLY WORSENED THE QUALITY OF THE TASK PERFORMED AND INCREASED THE LATENCY PERIOD OF THE MOTOR RESPONSE WHEN COMPARING BOTH DIFFERENT AND SIMILAR STIMULI. THE RESULTS OBTAINED CAN BE USEFUL BOTH IN TEACHING YOUNGER PRESCHOOLERS TO RECOGNIZE GEOMETRIC SHAPES, AND FOR CREATING OPTIMAL CONDITIONS IN THE GROUP DURING CLASSES. THE GAME TECHNIQUE WE ARE DEVELOPING CAN BE USED TO TRAIN ATTENTION STABILITY AND FORM COLOR SENSORY STANDARDS. FROM OUR POINT OF VIEW, THIS METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH HAS GREAT POTENTIAL FOR A DEEPER INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF PERCEPTUAL NOISE IMMUNITY AND ATTENTION SELECTIVITY.

PAVLOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE (ST. PETERBURG, RUSSIA) THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! HTTPS://WWW.INFRAN.RU STRUZHKIN@GMAIL.COM DR.TAMARA.KUZNETSOVA@GMAIL.COM