Effective Guidelines for Writing a Thesis
Learn effective guidelines for writing a thesis in English, focusing on tense usage, active voice, accuracy, and eliminating redundancy. Understand formatting requirements and ensuring grammatical correctness to enhance your thesis quality.
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NOTE Ayat from Quran Kareem : The name of Surah and the number of Ayate must be write. The Interpretation of the Ayate preferably to have relation to the subject of the thesis. The scientific names of plant animals and microorganisms should be written in italic style EX: Grevillea victoriae subsp. victoriae
Guidelines for Writing a Thesis 1-The thesis should be written in English. 2- Write in past tense only. 3- Write in active voice unless passive voice is necessary. 4- active voice is preferable because it may be important to know who drew or what determined the conclusion , Passive voice is sometimes preferable When the action itself is more important than who performed the action. Ex: Active Voice: We observed cell division in the sample. Ex : Passive Voice: Cell division was observed in the sample. 5- Write in the proper tense: A/ Use past tense for actions performed in the past, including primary ,secondary research/source and most methodology
the proper tense Ex :James et al. discussed a small yet significant difference B/ Use present tense for statements of fact, general truths, and conditions that continuously true. Ex: Researchers recognize that folic acid supplements are source of methyl which can induce epigenetic . C/ Use present perfect tense to describe action that occurred in the past but that is ongoing or connected to the present Ex: No previous study has reported the simultaneous effect of...
Guidelines for Writing a Thesis ( 6- Eliminating Redundancy:( Write concisely and omit redundancy BY: #Using precise action verbs #Avoiding hedging verbs as appear and seem #Limiting the use of prepositional phrases #Avoiding useless qualifiers as perhaps, very, quite, several, essentially, basically, always and actually.
Guidelines for Writing a Thesis 7-Write accurately not to use the same word twice in a sentence* sure you say what you mean. Ex. Temperature has an effect on the reaction Temperature affects the reaction. 8- Check your grammars, spelling and punctuation For the correct spelling use : Biotech's Life Science Dictionary Health Sciences libraries 9- Proofread carefully to see if you any words out.
FORMAT AND APPEARANCE All copies of the thesis should be printed on white paper measuring 210 -297 mm (A4). Margins and Justification : The left margin (binding side) should be 30 mm and the right top, and bottom margins should be 25 mm. All footnotes, headings, page numbers, text, tables and illustrations should be within these margins.
FORMAT AND APPEARANCE No abbreviations or acronyms should be used in the headings and in the text of the preliminary pages. The headings should be center justified. A conventional font type, preferably Times New Roman size 14 point Font size of the footnotes must be 12 points. Font size of figure captions and table headings must be 12 points .The title font 16 point subtitle: 15.5 point sub-subtitle: 15 point. a page number one on bottom center of page.
FORMAT AND APPEARANCE Numbering of title : Title should be numbered with an Arabic numeral. Ex in introduction which has number 1, title (fungi) must give 1-1, subtitle Fusarium give 1-1-1, subtitle Fusarium give 1-1-1, To new title we should give it new number: Ex: Rhizoctonia 1-1-2 The thesis should be typed with (1.5) spacing
FORMAT AND APPEARANCE The scientific names of plant animals and microorganisms should be written in italic style EX: Grevillea victoriae subsp. victoriae it is common to see a specific epithet that refers to geographic area or the person who discovered it. When writing, the cultivar name is added epithet and is put in single quotes without italicization. ) EX:Grevillea Robyn Gordon ( ) EX:Grevillea rosmarinifolia Rosy Posy
Citing sources ****The "name-date" method: 1-A Work by one Authors: the last name of the first author + comma+ year of publication Ex.: Clinical analysis is deal with diseases and pathogens(wholt, et al.2014 ) 2-A Work by Two Authors the last name of the first author andthe last name of the second author+ comma+ year of publication EX.: Septa are formed with a uniform spacing (Fiddy and Trinci, 1976)
Citing sources 3- A Work by Three and more Authors Here we use et al.,or et al.,(the rest). Ex: (hussein et al.2017) Note: we can cite the author name in text but must giving the year of publication between parakites EX: abd and essa (1998) found .
Citing sources 4-More than two work for one text: sort them by date then alphabetical in the end of text with semicolon between each of them. Ex.: Microbiology is the science that study bacteria, viruses ,fungi (Holt ,1998);(Jems,2014) 5- Author is an Orgnization or government ageny : Mention it in signal phrase or in parenthetical citation the first time citing the source. Ex.: According to World Health Organization(WHO) (2000) .
