Effective Science Communication for Engaging Talks

Science talks are crucial for conveying discoveries and convincing audiences. Learn about the vital elements and mechanics of delivering a great science talk, including forming main points, structuring content logically, and engaging with the audience effectively.

• Science communication
• Engaging talks
• Presentation skills
• Effective speaking
• Science education

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Uploaded on Feb 24, 2025 | 0 Views

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1. Research Methodology Research Methodology By Dr. Pradeep Kumar Department of sociology Institute of Public Administration Institute of Public Administration Patna University, Patna Patna University, Patna Hypothesis Hypothesis Meaning, Steps and Importance Meaning, Steps and Importance

2. Meaning Meaning: :- - The word Hypothesis is a combined of two words hypo and thesis and literally hypo means under or below and thesis means a reasoned theory or rational view point. Accordingly, hypothesis means a theory which is not fully reasoned. In other words hypothesis is a theory entertained in order to study the facts and examine the validity of the theory. According According to to Coffey Coffey A A hypothesis hypothesis is is an an attempt attempt at at explanation, explanation, a a provisional provisional supposition supposition made made in in order order to to explain explain scientifically scientifically some some fact fact or or phenomenon phenomenon. . And according according to to Cohen Cohen and and Negal Negal A A hypothesis hypothesis direct direct out out search search for for the the order order . It is not essential for the hypothesis to be necessarily true. In fact, hypothesis is not a claim for truth. Hypothesis is a bridge in the process of inquiry or search which begins with some felt difficulty or problem and ends without the resolution of the problem.

3. Steps of Hypothesis Steps of Hypothesis 1)Observation Observation: :- It is a precondition of formulation of hypothesis and it is the first stage of hypothesis making. 2) Reflection Reflection: :- - Having felt a differently and need for solution we consider the problem by perceiving the relevant facts. e.g. we see a sea in high tide and also find clear moon above. Now we anticipate a relation which is based upon an experience, namely whenever there is high tide there is full moon and never otherwise as far as our experience goes. Having established a relation between two facts for formulate an answer for why of this relation. This answer is a hypothesis.

4. 3 3) ) Deduction Deduction: :- - The third and last step in this process is examination of 3) hypothesis for various deductions possible from it and their mutual compatibilities and correspondence with already known facts. e.g. if we have a hypothesis that madness increase with increasing complexity of civilization. It will follow from this fact that there are more made persons in Newyork today than in Delhi today. Now this is fact not true. Therefore, our hypothesis is defective because certain facts which follow from it are false. Thus deduction is extremely useful in rejecting ill formed hypothesis. 4) Verification Verification : :- - Actually verification is post hypothesis formulation and therefore is not a step in its formulation. But in as much as our interest in making hypothesis is not purely academic or theoretical, we wish to solve our difficulty and this difficulty can be solved if we actually test our hypothesis.

5. Importance of Hypothesis The success and effectiveness of induction depends crucially upon the elimination of unnecessary and irrelevant facts and picking out of relevant facts. Now this elimination and selection of facts depends upon our hypothesis. Although Newton has said I do not make hypothesis he fully recognized the importance of hypothesis for scientific discovery. Huxely makes this significant observation Those who refuse to go beyond fact rarely get as far as fact. Almost every great step in the history of science has been made possible by anticipation of nature, that is by the invention of hypothesis which though verifiable , often had very little to start with. According to Darwin that means no observation is possible if we do not have some hypothesis in mind. He says How odd it is that any one should not see that all observation must be for or against some view, if it is to be any one service.

6. Q. Discuss the concept and importance of hypothesis. Q. Write in short about steps in hypothesis. THANK YOU THANK YOU