Effects of Caffeine, Nicotine, and Alcohol on Daphnia magna Heart Rate
Explore the impact of caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. Results show significant changes, with nicotine leading to the most pronounced decrease in heart rate compared to caffeine and alcohol exposure. Visual data representation and analysis provided.
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6 4 2 0 Average percent change in heart rate -2 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 -22 -24 -26 -28 -30 -32 -34 -36 -38 -40 -42 -44 -46 -48 Drug
10 0 Average percent change in heart rate Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 Drug
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate.
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D.
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D. As you can see in Figure 1, Present tense! Figure 1 shows The results for the average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna were summarized in Figure 1.
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D. The average percent change in heart rate for nicotine was much higher than that for caffeine (Fig. 1). The application of 1% nicotine led to a large decrease in heart rate (Fig. 1).
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D. The average percent changes in heart rate of the Daphnia magna exposed to nicotine was much greater than the changes in heart rate experienced by the Daphnia exposed to caffeine and alcohol.
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D. The average percent change in heart rate of the Daphnia magna exposed to 1% nicotine was -35%, which was greater than the changes in heart rate recorded for the Daphnia exposed to 0.1% caffeine (-0.5%) and 4% alcohol (-21%) (Fig. 1).
10 Average percent change in heart rate 0 Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Drug Figure 1. Average percent change in heart rate of Daphnia magna exposed to 0.1% caffeine, 1% nicotine, and 4% alcohol. Error bars are +/- 1 S.D. The standard deviations for the caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol data sets were 4.0%, 9.3%, and 8.2% respectively. The error bars of the caffeine and nicotine data sets did not overlap, but those of the nicotine and alcohol data sets did. The error bars of the nicotine and alcohol data sets overlap. Thus, these data are insignificant.
