Effects of Tuberculosis on Pregnant Women and Fetus: Diagnosis and Management
Learn about the impact of tuberculosis on pregnant women and their fetuses, including diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and potential effects on pregnancy outcomes. Understand the risks and challenges associated with tuberculosis during pregnancy to ensure proper care and treatment.
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Presentation Transcript
Tuberculosis TB during pregnancy Name: Nora Alfaitory Number: 2822 Block : PTS 1
Objectives Discuss the effect of tuberculosis on pregnant woman . List the effect of tuberculosis on fetus . Discuss the diagnostic criteria . Discuss the management and treatment of tuberculosis in pregnant woman. 2
Introduction Introduction 3
Definition. Tuberculosis Causes. Transmission. 4
E the severity of the disease how advanced the pregnancy has gone at the time of diagnosis the presence of extrapulmonary spread HIV coinfection the treatment instituted 5
a higher rate of spontaneous abortion. suboptimal weight gain in pregnancy. preterm labor. low birth weight. increased neonatal mortality. 6
Congenital tuberculosis may be as a result of: hematogenous spread through the umbilical vein to the fetal liver . by ingestion and aspiration of infected amniotic fluid Congenital tuberculosis may be difficult to distinguish from other neonatal or congenital infections from which similar symptoms may arise in the second to the third week of life. 7
hepato-splenomegaly. respiratory distress. Fever. Lymphadenopathy. 8
Testing is critical even if treatment might be delayed until postpartum to avoid missing a diagnosis : skin test chest X ray. History symptom. 9
In South Africa, 60% of antenatal women diagnosed with tuberculosis reported cough of 2 weeks, but <30% had fevers or night sweats . In Tanzania, the most common tuberculosis symptoms were malaise and anorexia . 11
Treatm ent of tuberculosis during pregnancy S All four first-line medications used to treat TB were classified by the Federal Drug Administration s prior letter-based system of medications in pregnancy as category C . The preferred initial treatment regimen is INH, rifampin and ethambutol daily for 2 months, followed by INH and RIF daily, or twice weekly for 7 months. 12
active TB disease treatment during pregnancy should be done with the help of an infectious disease specialist, especially if there are concerns about antibiotic resistance, allergic reactions, or medication compliance. 13
Isoniazid Rifampin TB drugs can be used during pregnancy Ethambutol R Pyrazinamide Streptomycin 14
S Untreated active TB disease is a contraindication to breastfeeding. Pyridoxine supplementation should be given to all breastfeeding mothers taking isoniazid, and their infants should be monitored for jaundice. No infant toxic effects of TB medications delivered in breast milk have been reported . 15
C CONCLUSION ONCLUSION 16
o Vallejo JG, Starke JR. Tuberculosis and pregnancy. Clinics in chest medicine. 1992 Dec 1;13(4):693-707. o Loto OM, Awowole I. Tuberculosis in pregnancy: a review. Journal of pregnancy. 2012 Oct;2012. o Tripathy SN, Tripathy SN. Tuberculosis and pregnancy. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2003 Mar;80(3):247-53. o Mnyani CN, McIntyre JA. Tuberculosis in pregnancy. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2011 Jan;118(2):226-31. 17
