Efficiency Challenges and Opportunities in Road Freight Transportation
Explore the evolution of modes in freight transportation, stagnation in US mass and dimension policies, and strategies for maximizing freight efficiency. Delve into NAFTA regulations, productivity comparisons, and fuel efficiency advantages. Discover key insights shaping the future of road freight efficiency.
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Presentation Transcript
John Woodrooffe NAFTA: Public Policy for Road Freight Efficiency The case for mass and dimension harmonization
How Modes Have Evolved Container ships have doubled in capacity in 13 years Rail car GVW have increased from 119,000 kg in 1991 to 143,000 kg today 70% of Rail intermodal containers are double stacked Federal truck size and weight have been frozen for over 30 years Other countries have evolved their policies #XVIIForoANTP
US Mass and Dimension Stagnation Federal size a weight policy has been frozen since 1982 Federal policy applies to the National Network which includes the Interstate. State governments have their own size and weight regulations but they mostly apply to state roads #XVIIForoANTP
Freight Efficiency Maximize the amount for freight transported per vehicle Longer vehicles provide more volume for lower density freight Vehicles with more axles provide greater capacity for higher density freight The Goal - Reduce the number of truck trips through improved vehicle productivity and the use of other transport modes such as rail. #XVIIForoANTP
Example - NAFTA Gross vehicle weight barrier Canada 62,500 kg United States 36,300 kg M xico 63,000 kg #XVIIForoANTP
Canada 6-axle tractor semi-trailer 102,500 lbs. (46,500 kg) 8-axle B-train double 137,800 lbs (62,500 kg) United States (Interstate and NHS limits) 5-axle tractor semi-trailer 80,000 lbs. (36,300 kg) 7-axle tractor twin-trailer 80,000 lbs. (36,360 kg) Mexico 6-axle tractor semi-trailer 105,800 lbs (48,000 kg) 8-axle B-train double 138,900 lbs (63,000 kg) #XVIIForoANTP
NAFTA Productivity Comparison Canadian B-train US Tractor semitrailer Number of axles Country & Vehicle Canada 8- axle B-Train US Tractor semi Productivity Advantage GVW Payload 8 42,200 kg Factor of 2 62,500 kg 5 - 36,300 kg 20,900 kg #XVIIForoANTP
Fuel and GHG Comparison unrestricted access vehicles Canadian B-train US Tractor semitrailer Fuel and GHG Advantage per unit cargo 68% Country & Vehicle Cargo unit Fuel (liter/tonne-km) Cargo unit CO2 (g CO2/tonne-km) Canada B-Train 0.037 98.79 US Tractor semi 0.063 165.9 - #XVIIForoANTP
Addressing Vehicle Cubic Capacity #XVIIForoANTP
Long vehicle combinations Progressive operations policy can yield substantial societal benefit 53 ft standard trailer 53 ft standard trailer #XVIIForoANTP
What can advanced LCV policy do (per vehicle) System category Benefit Estimate Improved productivity 44% Improved safety 2.5 to 5 times* Reduced fuel consumption 32% Reduced emissions 32% Reduced infrastructure consumption 40% Reduced VMT 44% Reduced shipper cost 29% Source: Assessments of Alberta LCV Program- Montufaret.al 2007, Woodrooffe et.al. (2001) Note: Safety benefits are largely attributed to advanced policies governing LCV operations #XVIIForoANTP
Estimating Societal Benefit #XVIIForoANTP
10% reduction in US truck travel distance Reductions assuming 10%reduction in exposure 21,562 7100 330 Estimated annual benefits ($US Billion) Benefit study variable Injury severity no apparent injury injury Killed Total safety cost saving attributed to 10% reduction in exposure 0.20 1.99 2.54 Estimated safety benefits attributed to a 10% reduction in truck travel distance Estimated fuel and emissions benefits attributed to a 10% reduction in truck travel distance 4.73 Annual cost saving ($US Billion) 10.60 Category Quantity saved Diesel fuel reduction 10.6 billion liters 28.3 Million metric tons CO2 CO2 reduction 0.680 Combined benefits Total estimated annual savings 16.01 #XVIIForoANTP
Comparing Estimated Annual Safety Benefits Assumes 100% ESC and F-Cam Fleet Penetration Assumes 10% Reduction in truck travel distance Annual Fatality Reduction 126 99 Annual Injury Reduction 5,909 3,590 Crash Avoidance Option ESC F-CAM (2ndgen) Size & Weight Regulation reform 330 7,106 Size and Weight Reform as a Safety Strategy #XVIIForoANTP
Conclusion Outdated truck size and weight policy results in high societal cost, including: Elevated truck related fatal and injury crashes Excessive fuel consumption Elevated emissions including CO2 Compromised international transport efficiency (eg. within NAFTA region) #XVIIForoANTP
Conclusion Opportunity: Significant opportunities are associated with size and weight reform in the US 10% reduction in truck traffic has an estimated value of $16B/year eliminating 330 deaths, 7100 injuries and 21,562 PDO crashes. #XVIIForoANTP
Thank You! John Woodrooffe jhfw@umich.edu (734) 276-5550 #XVIIForoANTP
