Emic and Etic Concepts in Cross-Cultural Studies
Explore the concepts of Emic and Etic in culturally specific and cross-cultural studies, where Emic focuses on understanding cultures from within, and Etic involves comparing cultures to find universal behaviors. Discover how these approaches help analyze culturally specific phenomena and cross-cultural similarities.
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Presentation Transcript
Culturally Specific and Cross- Cultural Studies Emic and Etic Concepts
Emic = (m) = mono = one Etic = (t) = two or more
Definitions Etic Concept An explanation used to understand a culture in scientific terms by comparing the culture to others and addressing the universals of human behaviour Emic Concept Accounts, descriptions and explanations used to understand a culture in its cultural context. It is an attempt to learn the concepts of a culture and see the world the way they do.
Etic Approach Comparing two more cultures in a cross-cultural approach Can be used as an attempt to find cross-cultural similarities in behaviour or universal behaviours Examples: Bond and Smith meta-analysis of conformity WHO study on depression Levine s study on prosocial behaviour
Emic Approach An attempt to study culturally specific phenomena (behaviour relevant to one culture) Examples: Bartlett s observations of the Swazi herdsmen Hopi (Native American) Depression Papua New Guinea
How is it an example of an etic approach? Compares across different cultures Who was involved? Switzerland; Japan; Canada; Iran What were the four culturally similar symptoms? Sadness; joylessness; anxiety; sense of insufficiency What were the culturally specific symptoms? Chinese participants more somatic symptoms; 40% displayed symptoms not in the diagnostic scheme used (thus; culture plays a role in the expression of depression symptoms)
Emic: Native American Depression What were the five illness categories of depression for the Hopi people? Worry sickness; unhappiness; heartbroken; drunken-like craziness; disappointment What was one culturally specific behaviour discovered in this study? The patterns of symptoms for being heartbroken were different to Western cultures
