Empowering Smallholder Farmers through African Chicken Genetic Gains Program

African Chicken Genetic Gains ACGG On-farm Study Training Manual presentation - Nigeria ILE-IFE, Nigeria April, 2016

Plan for this week Learn procedures for undertaking the on-farm chicken performance evaluation including the experimental design, data collection, feeding and management standards; Discussions on farmer recruitment, obtaining consent, dealing with challenges during the study; Train SNCs and Supervisors on the use of tablets and Open Data Kit (ODK) including data management; Practicing skills for training field officers and the practical aspects (e.g. weighing birds); Reviewing the process of data collection adapting the sheets, ODK and practical aspects as needed; Setting up the schedule and activities timeline for the on-farm study; Review and agree the role and responsibilities of enumerators, Country teams and program support team; and Agreeing on the study monitoring process for Country teams, the SNC and program support team.

Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Data collection modules HHs labour allocation Livestock inventory Housing and water Bird inventory Bird entry and exit 11. Scheduling visits to households ACGG program outcomes Program objectives and activities Program sites On-farm study objectives and design Roles and responsibilities Risks and benefits to participating HHs Bird identification Household registration Bird registration and sexing Bird Body weight Health (vaccination / routine medication and treatment) Bird feeding Egg production Egg sales, consumption and gifts General observations Likability (importance and preferences)

ACGG Program Outcomes Data driven understanding of the breeds and specific traits that poor smallholder farmers, especially women, prefer across the various countries Farmer preferred lines, that produce at least 200% more than existing local breeds, are made accessible to smallholders through public and private organizations Increased realized productivity for smallholders with access to the tested, farmer preferred lines Empowered smallholder women engaged as chicken producers Long-term chicken genetic gains programs with clear plans for breeding are established in each country with the capacity to drive accelerated genetic gains.

ACGG Program Objectives & Activities Objective 1:Define and characterize current smallholder chicken production systems, chicken ecotypes, current realized productivity, husbandry practices, and the socio-economic status of smallholder farmers in Nigeria, Tanzania, and Ethiopia; (BASELINE) Objective 2:Identify, characterize, and test highly productive African chicken germplasm to determine productivity across agro-ecologies and management conditions and to define farmer preferences; (ON-STATION & ON-FARM) Objective 3:Identify, characterize, and test tropically-adapted chicken germplasm to determine productivity across agro-ecologies and management conditions and to define farmer preferences; (ON-STATION & ON-FARM) Objective 7:Develop and nurture Community and Sub-National Innovation Platforms focused on empowering poor smallholder farmers, especially women, in the chicken value chain; and (LINKED TO ON-FARM)

ACGG Program Sites in Nigeria Sub- national Areas (5) Kwara state River state Imo state Nasarawa state Kebbi state Villages 2 Villages in each LGA Total per sub- national area = 6 x 2 = 12 villages Total = 12 x 5 = 60 villages Households 20 per village for baseline 42 per villages for on-farm Senatorial districts (SA) Local government area (LGA) 3 SA in each sub-national area Total = 3 x 5 = 15 Senatorial district . 6 LGA in each SA . Total=5X6= 30 LGA

On-Farm Monitoring Study Objective & Design OBJECTIVE Evaluate the performance of, and farmer preference for, African and tropically- adapted chicken germplasm under farmer managed conditions and across different agro-ecologies DESIGN Testing 6 strains: 1.Kuroiler, 2.Koekoek, 3.Embrapa 051, 4.Shikabrown, 5.FUNAAB Alpha, 6. Fulani All 6 strains are tested in each of the 60 program villages 7 households in a village receive each strain; the strain they receive will be RANDOMLY chosen 30 chicks of a strain are provided to each household Households are visited every 2 - 4 weeks for 72 weeks to collect data on chicken management and performance Statistical name for the design is: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) where Block = Village

How farmers are selected for on-farm monitoring We need to recruit 42 households in each village to participate Criteria for a farmer to participate: Chicken keeping for at least 2 years; Currently keeps no more than 50 adult chicken; Willingness to accept 30 birds of a randomly selected strain; Commitment to provide night shelter at a minimum; Commitment to supplemental feeding Willingness to take part in ACGG related discussions; as part of the data collection, allow identification (tagging), vaccination and treatment of introduced and existing birds and, Willingness to participate for a minimum of 72 Weeks in ACGG data collection (pending adverse events outlined in consent form). The 20 households in each village who participated in the baseline, fulfill the criteria above and who are willing to consent are recruited. To reach 42 total households in a village, additional chicken-keepers are randomly selected from household list and visited to confirm the above criteria and their willingness to participate.

On-Farm Monitoring Study Data Collection Prior to first visit Household recruitment to the study Random allocation of strain First visit (week 0-[Birds approximately 6 weeks of age]) Household general information (registration) Tagged bird registration & sexing of tagged birds Week 6, 22, 50 and 70 Labour allocation to chickens, bird housing & water, (other) livestock inventory, Likability Every 2 weeks from (week 12 (Birds approximately 18 weeks of age)to week 72 Egg Production, sale, consumption & gifts First visit and then every 4 weeks to week 72 Bird inventory, Body weight of tagged birds First visit and then every 4 weeks Entries & Exits, Health (prevention & treatment), Feeding

Strains to be tested Kuroiler Koekoek Embrapa 051 Sasso Fayoumi (not confirmed) Horro Kuroiler Koekoek Embrapa 051 Shikabrown FUNAAB Alpha Fulani Sasso (not confirmed) Kuroiler Koekoek Embrapa 051 Sasso Black Australorp

Roles and responsibilities Study Coordinators SNCs (Study Coordinators) Oversee the study operations in all the sites and ensure that the study program succeeds Monitor the recruitment of field officers by ensuring that proper procedures are followed Ensure that all field officers have been trained Provide logistical and administrative support to trainers during the training of supervisors and field officers (enumerators) and during the field operations Facilitate deployment of supervisors (if applicable) and field officers to their work areas after training Monitor the performance of field officers through regular reviews of data submission summaries and conduct visits to field officers and/or training refresher sessions as needed Regularly report on the progress of the study to their Country Team and NPC

Roles and responsibilities - Supervisors Supervisors Ensure that the required data are collected as per the data collection schedule Ensure that enumerators submit the data collected in a timely manner and are of the highest quality possible Lead and guide field officers in performing their work efficiently Carry out the day-to-day supervision of the enumerators Support the enumerators in responding to queries from study respondents Maintain cordial atmosphere in the team and with the local communities Work closely with the Study Coordinators (SNC) in all matters pertaining to the study operations Report on the progress and any critical issues of the on-farm data collection to the Study Coordinators (SNC).

Roles and responsibilities Field Officers On-farm enumerators (Field Officers) Attend the training course and all other scheduled meetings Study the on-farm manual very carefully and remember the main points which are explained; become fully familiar with the data collection sheets Set up schedule for household visits in their village and conduct the on- farm data collection and bird monitoring as per the schedule Ensure all modules are completed and data entered into ODK of good quality Submit the data in a timely manner Report any challenges and issues to supervisors and their study coordinator as soon as possible Maintain a cordial atmosphere in the team, and with the local communities.

Benefits and Risks to participating households A. Benefits Receive 30 vaccinated birds brooded to at least for 42 days. These birds will have received all standard vaccinations; The Newcastle Disease (NCD) booster vaccination will be provided; Male chickens upon reaching 18 weeks of age can be consumed or sold for your benefit; Receive training on recommended chicken management practices; and Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study. B. Risks The introduced birds may die The existing chickens in the household may die The introduced chickens may not be high producing; and The introduced birds might outcompete with the existing birds in the household and vice versa.

Bird identification Introduced birds will be tagged on the right wing with a tag that will show a 5-digit code (XYYYY)-X representing a letter and Y representing a number Birds of the existing flocks (~+/- 2 weeks the age of the introduced birds) will be tagged on the left wing with a tag with a 5-digit code (XXYYY) - X representing letters and Y numbers All bird tag numbers will be mapped to each household ID to create a unique bird ID within the database, i.e. ABBCCCCXYYYY or ABBCCCCXXYYY

Frequency: 1 Time prior to the study What do we do in the visit? Prior to study (Household Recruitment) Transferred to database during household recruitment and allocation to strain - generates unique HH ID Name & Code Allocated by database Name - introduced strain randomly allocated to the household Name Name & Code Name Full Name Sub-National Area Enumerator Name Household ID (ABBCCCC) Householder Name Country Village Strain Obtain informed consent from the farmer & randomly allocate farmer to strain (preferably during community meeting / event) The country team submits this information to the ILRI data support team First visit by enumerators to households (Household & Bird Registration) Household registration & general information At the same time birds are delivered to the household tagged birds to be registered, sexed and full flock inventory taken Subsequent Visits Flock inventories; Body Weights; Egg Production & Use; Health & Feeding; Entries & Exits

Frequency: 1 Time at start of data collection (Week 0) Household registration At the start of data collection information regarding the household will be collected Householder is the main chicken-keeper in the household; Enter 0 if no members in age / gender category Numerical (-77 if none) Code - (1=male, 2=female) Numeric - range 15 - 99 Name - select from drop-down Numeric - 0 - 40 Years of formal School of householder Sub-National Area Enumerator Name Householder Name Household Phone Number Householder Gender Age of Householder Village Numeric - 1 50 Numeric - 0 15 (enter zero if none in age category) Number of children < 2 years of age Number of children 2 4 years of age Number of children 5 - 17 years of age adult male (between ages of 18 and 45) adult female (between ages of 18 and 45) Total Household Size (in Numbers) adult male >=46 years adult female >=46 years

Frequency: 1 Time at start Household registration cont d of data collection (Week 0) Code 1=owned by Male; 2=owned by Female; 3=owned by male and female (Auto-generated) will be captured at end of the module Years - 1 99 Code - 0 = No, 1 = Yes How long has chicken been kept in the household? (years) Are there currently chickens kept by the households? Who owns the chicken in the household? GPS 8 2 owned by women 1 Yes Auto

Frequency: 1 Time At Bird Delivery (Week 0)- (birds approximately 6 weeks old) Tagged Bird registration and sexing All ACGG introduced birds and some existing birds (whose age is +/- 2 weeks of the introduced birds delivered i.e. 4 8 weeks old will need to be tagged, registered and sexed Introduce birds are delivered at 6 weeks old age This will be done one time upon the arrival of the introduced birds-(birds approximately 6 weeks old) The sexing should be carried out for all tagged birds (introduced and household flock) (Non-tagged birds will be registered in the Bird Inventory) Name - select from drop-down; filtered by SN Area Name - select from drop-down; filtered by enumerator Group creation question: How many birds of this flock are being tagged ? dd/mm/yyyy (auto- generated) Code - filtered by Country 1= Introduced ,2=Existing HH (multiple) Code - 1 = Male, 2 = Female Auto- shown ID - Manual entry Enumerator Name Householder Name Sex Sub-National Area Date of Delivery Flock Strain Bird Tag ID 1= introduced auto A0444 1= Male 2= HH auto BX032 2=Female

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Household labour allocation Who takes care of the chicken in the Household? [ ] (code) Code: 1= adult males only, 2= adult females only, 3= Male children only, 4=Female children only, 5=Workers only, 6=All adults, 7=All children, 8=All household members, 9=All household members & workers Done? If Yes, fill in. If not, go to next activity Main Type of Person 2 adult females only 7 all children Type of activities for chicken (0 = No, 1 = Yes) 1 Yes 1 0 - No 1 0 1 1 1 1 Second Type of Person 0 none (no-one else) 2 Purchasing inputs (incl. feed, health, live chicken) Feeding chicken (collecting and preparation) Watering chicken Disease control /caring sick chicken Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Cleaning of chicken hut / shelter Egg collection selling of live chicken Selling of eggs Other (specify: ___________) e.g. build shelter Total Hours per WEEK spent on these activities Type of Person: 0 = none (n/a) 1= adult males only, 2= adult females only, 3= Male children only, 4=Female children only, 5=Workers only, 6=All adults, 7=All children, 8=All household members, 9=All household members & workers, (Note: Main Type of person for activities done cannot be 0 = none) NB: Ask the respondent(s) to recall the last 2 3 weeks to answer this section 6 all adults 0 7 7 6 8 0 2 0 0 3 hours 1 hour

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) (other) Livestock Inventory Does your household have any (other) livestock? [ ] (0 = No, 1 = Yes). If yes complete table below In some appropriate areas and households DO NOT ASK HOW MANY PIGS KEPT (ENTER 0) Number owned by males 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Number owned by females 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number owned jointly by males and females 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (auto- generated) 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Livestock species Cattle Sheep Goats Horses Donkeys Pigs Other Poultry - ducks Other Poultry - guinea fowl Other Poultry - turkey Other Poultry e.g. quail, pigeon

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Bird Housing and water Is water made available to the birds throughout the day? (0 = No, 1 = Yes) Complete the table below asking for chicken housing in the day & night Remember that farmers committed to providing night shelter in their consent Housing system during day (code B) Housing system during night (code B) Flock (Introduced / Existing Household) 0= no housing 1= Chicken house (coop/hut) made from mud/iron sheet/wood/rocks/bricks, 2=Kept in home (e.g. kitchen), 3=Confined in individual cage, 4= Confined in basket (e.g. bamboo), 5 = Other (specify) Code B (Housing System):

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Likeability Importance & Preference The first table is about IMPORTANCE of chicken characteristics (traits) to farmers Note: present in same order as shown below Characteristics Body size - male Body size - female Growth rate - male Growth rate - female Supplementary feed requirement - male Supplementary feed requirement - female Scavenging ability - flock Egg number Egg size Plumage colour Survivability Is characteristic important? (0 = No, 1 = Yes) Introduced 0 No 1 Yes 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Existing Household 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Other characteristics you think are important? free text free text (enter NONE if applicable)

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Likeability cont d For each flock rank the top 3 most important characteristics indicated above Select from drop-down Rank Trait Introduced Flock Trait Existing Household Flock Rank Description 1st Most important Egg number Body size female 2nd Very important Body size female Survivability 3rd Important Survivability Scavenging ability

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Likeability cont d The second table is about LIKEABILITY (FARMER EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR PREFERENCE FOR THESE) Note: present in same order as shown below Characterstics Body size - male Body size - female Growth rate - male Growth rate - female Supplementary feed requirement - male Supplementary feed requirement - female Scavenging ability - flock Egg number Egg size Plumage colour Survivability Code - 1 = introduced, 2 = existing HH Flock Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Select 'level' of trait for birds (Code A-D) Trait Level 3 large ; 2 - medium 3 large ; 2 - medium 4 ; 2 medium 4 ; 1 - slow 3 high; 2 - medium Code E Free text Liking of Trait 1 very liked ; 3 1 very liked ; 3 6 don t know ; 3 6 ; 2 - like 4 - dislike ; 3 4 - dislike ; 3 neither like nor dislike 6 don t know ; 2 6 ; 2 like 6 ; 3 3 ; 3 6 ; 2 Comments Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH 3 high; 2 - medium Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH 4 don t know ; 3 4 don t know ; 2 4 ; 2 medium 1 uniform ; 2 4 ; 2 medium Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH Intro ; HH

Frequency: (Week 6, 22, 50 and 70) Likeability cont d Code A (Body size - male; body size - female; egg size): 1=small, 2 = medium, 3 = large, 4= don t know Code B (Growth rate - male; growth rate female): 1 = slow, 2 = moderate, 3 = fast, 4= don t know Code C (Supplementary feed requirement - male; supp. Feed requirement female; scavenging ability; egg number; survivability): 1=low, 2 = medium, 3 = high, 4= don t know Code D (Plumage colour): 1=uniform, 2=multi-colour Code E (Liking of trait): 1=Very Liked; 2=Liked, 3=Neither like nor dislike, 4=Disliked, 5=Very Disliked, 4= don t know Overall which flock do you prefer? (1 = introduced, 2 = existing household, 3=Neither/they are equal ) Free text (enumerator to check if inconsistency between the why here and the trait importance and preferences above) Why do you prefer this flock?

Frequency: (First visit Week 0 then every 4 weeks) Bird Inventory Total numbers of birds and number of each sex in both the introduced and household flocks is captured at first visit and every 4 weeks It provides the opportunity to track household flocks who have not been tagged How many chicks? (non- sexed) Sub- National Area How many male How many female VillageEnumerator Householder Name Household ID Total Birds Flock Name Intro 25 0 0 25 HH 3 5 2 10

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird entries It helps to keep track of all entries After the start of monitoring NO birds entering the household will be tagged If birth / hatched on farm in past 4 weeks then type of bird = chick and age skipped All entries are assumed to be into the HOUSEHOLD FLOCK. If the parentage of chicks born on the farm is known then enter this information in Comments Code A (select from drop- down) Code - 1=male, 2=female, 3 = unknown (if chick) Numeric (1 - 100) (creation of groups) Code - <20 weeks; >= 20 weeks local currency (entered) e.g. intro, local or cross-bred strain enter in past 4 weeks? (0=No, 1=Yes) Did any birds If purchased, TOTAL money paid? Comments/parent age (enter if known) What type of bird entered? - sex What type of bird entered? - age How many birds entered? How entered? 2 1 male >=20 weeks 2 15,000 3 3 - female < 20 weeks 1 ----- Code A (Type of Entry): 1 = Birth / hatched on farm, 2 = Purchased, 3 = Loaned, 4 = Gift, 5 = Obtained as dowry, 6 = Other (specify after number entered)

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird exits Households should be reminded to keep the wing bands of birds that exit the household (if exit is live farmer needs to record the tag ID) Have you had any bird exits in the last month? (0=No, 1=Yes) Note that introduced birds cannot be sold or consumed. But, unless male introduced birds older than 18 weeks of age (12 weeks of the study) can be sold or consumed Did any birds exit THIS FLOCK & TAG in past 4 weeks? (0 = No, 1 = Yes)? Code: 1=Introduced / 2=Existing HH - tagged / 3=Existing HH - NOT tagged Numeric (1 100) (creating groups) Flock & Tag How many birds exited? (for any reason) Introduced 1 Yes 3 HH not tagged 1 Yes 2 HH - tagged 0 No ---

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird exits cont d Depending on the flock, tagging and reason for exit the data below will be collected ID - filtered by HH (select from drop-down) Code A Code B local currency Free text IF Introduced or HH Tagged, for each bird If disease, symptoms If sale, money received? Bird Tag ID Reason for exit? Comments B0123 X0454 1 died disease 7 Code - 1 = < 20 weeks old, 2 = >= 20 weeks old 1,8,16 ---- ----- 20000 Code - 1=male, 2=female, 3=unknown (if chick) If Household Not-tagged, for each bird Code A Code B local currency Free text What type of bird exited? - sex What type of bird exited? - age Reason for exit? If disease, symptoms If sale, money received? Comments Male Female < 20 weeks >= 20 weeks 6 2 ---- ---- 15,000 ----

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird exits cont d Codes of bird exit (code A and Code B) Code A (Type of exit): 1 = Died - disease, 2= Died accident, 3= Died killed by predators, 4=Died old age, 5=Died unknown cause, 6=Sale live chicken, 7=Sale slaughtered chicken, 8=Loaned out, 9=Slaughtered for home consumption, 8 = Gifted out, 9= Lost, strayed, 10=Stolen, 11=Sacrifice festival, 12=Other (specify) Code B (If disease symptoms): 1= Diarrhoea - bloody, 2=Diarrhoea green/white, 3= Circling, 4= Coughing and sneezing, 5= Decreased egg production, 6= Dehydration, 7= Drowsiness and weakness, 8= Head edema, 9= Lack of appetite (anorexia), 10= Nasal discharges, 11= Respiratory problems, 12= Soft shells and deformed eggs, 13= Swelling of the joints, 14= Twisting head and neck, 15= Vent picking, 16= weight loss, 17 = Other (specify)

Frequency: First visit (week 0) and then every 4 weeks Body Weight of Tagged Birds Body weight (BW) Body weight will be measured using a digital hanging scale Group body weights for the introduced and HH tagged birds will be recorded for the entire flock upon delivery (week 0) and every 4 weeks Tagged males will be weighed until Week 12 of the study (approximately 18 weeks of age), Tagged females will be weighed until Week 72 of the study Select from drop- down: 1= Introduced ,2=Existing HH Select from drop- down 1= bag, 2=bucket, 3=bin, 4=other specify Entered - numeric (group creation) Code - 1 = Male, 2 = Female Entered - numeric Entered - grams Free text Tare Collection Instrument Number of samples No. birds in sample Weight of sample Flock Sex Comments Introduced 1 (Male) 2 - bucket 3 2 3 3 2000 2800 2700

Body Weight of Tagged Birds contd Frequency: Every 4 Weeks When taking weights, the enumerator should complete the following steps (it may be easier to use a notepad for the below and then enter data into ODK when complete if no assistance available): Record Householder Name & Flock being weighed (weigh separately) Sex of the birds being weighed (males and females to be weighed separately) Tare collection instrument Record the number of samples to be taken Record the number of birds in the sample and the weight of the sample Repeat until all tagged birds (from both flocks) have been weighed

Health Vaccination / Routine Medication Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks This data sheet is used to record any preventative or routine treatment of the birds Code 1 = Introduced, 2 = existing HH flock, 3 = Both flocks Did you carry out any disease or illness PREVENTION for your birds in past 4 weeks? (0 = No, 1 = Yes) Code D (multiple select) Code E (multiple) local currency (0 - ???) Vaccine / Routine Medication Service Provider Flock Cost 3 - Both 4 deworming 0 = Self 5000 Code D (Type of vaccine / medication): 0 = Nothing (depends how asked) 1=Newcastle Disease vaccination, 2 = Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) vaccination, 3 = Coccidiosis vaccination, 4 = Deworming, 5 = Delousing, 6 = Other (specify) Code E (Service Provider): 0 = Self, 1=Government extension, 2=Private provider(e.g. para-vet, shop, company), 3=Cooperative or farmer group, 4= Research / training institute, 5 = NGO/Project, 6 = Other farmer / neighbor, 7= Local healer, 8=Certified vet, 9 = Other (specify)

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Health Bird Sickness & Treatment Week 4 and then every 4 week visit to the household the enumerator will complete the Bird Health Treatment This module is used to record sickness in the birds and any treatment It is possible that farmers will contact enumerators between visits to ask for advice on sick birds, enumerators and/or their supervisors to agree appropriate response Code: 1=Introduced / 2=Existing HH - tagged / 3=Existing HH - NOT tagged Did any birds in THIS FLOCK (tagged & non-tagged) get sick in past 4 weeks? (0 = No, 1 = Yes) Numeric (creating groups) Flock & Tag How many birds got sick? Introduced 1 Yes 1 HH not tagged 1 Yes 2 HH tagged 0 No -----

Frequency: Week 4 and then every 4 weeks Health Bird Sickness & Treatment cont d Depending on the flock and whether the bird is tagged the below will be collected ID - filtered by HH (select from drop-down) Code B (MULTIPLE SELECT) Symptoms of sickness 4,7 Code B (MULTIPLE SELECT) Symptoms of sickness local currency If treated, cost 0 local currency If treated, cost Code C Free text IF Introduced or HH Tagged, for each bird Bird Tag ID Action Taken Comments D0124 1 Code - 1=male, 2=female, 3=unknown (if chick) What type of bird got sick? - sex Code - 1 = < 20 weeks old, 2 = >= 20 weeks old What type of bird got sick? - age Code C Free text If Household Not-tagged, for each bird Action Taken Comments Bird 1 2 - Female 2 = >= 20 weeks 9 0 nothing ----- Bird 2 3 - Unknown 1 = < 20 weeks 2 5 - killed ----- Code B (Symptoms): 1= Diarrhoea - bloody, 2=Diarrhoea green/white, 3= Circling, 4= Coughing and sneezing, 5= Decreased egg production, 6= Dehydration, 7= Drowsiness and weakness, 8= Head edema, 9= Lack of appetite (anorexia), 10= Nasal discharges, 11= Respiratory problems, 12= Soft shells and deformed eggs, 13= Swelling of the joints, 14= Twisting head and neck, 15= Vent picking, 16= weight loss, 17 = Other (specify) Code C (Action Taken / Treatment): 0 = Nothing, 1=Treated myself with traditional medicine, 2 = Treated myself - modern medicine (antibiotics, anthelmintics, aspirin etc.), 3=Got an expert in to treat them, 4=Killed them immediately and consumed, 5=Killed them immediately did not consume, 6=Sold the live chickens immediately, 7 = Other (specify, e.g. quarantine)

Frequency: week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird feeding Bird feeding practices collected at week 4 and then every 4 weeks until week 72 Before and/or during the first visit (week 0) to ask farmers about the containers they use to feed their chicken. They will establish the weights of different feeds in the containers (keeping the information in a notebook) using the weighing scales they will have with them. If during any later visit a farmer introduces another container the enumerator will again weigh feeds available in the container. Data entered in the ODK module will be weight in GRAMS.

Frequency: week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird Feeding cont d Name select from drop-down; filtered by village dd/mm/y yyy (auto- generated ) Code filtered by Country Name select from drop- down Code A (N.B. NONE = 8) Code B (multiple select) Auto-shown Free text (box) Sub- National Area If no enumerator comments Date of recording Enumerator Name Householder Name Type of feed provided If none, why? Village Farmer A Farmer A 1 grains 7 kitchen waste Options for cheaper feed provided Farmer B 8 none 3 Code A (If none, why?): 1=Lack of awareness about supplementary feed, 2=Unavailable feed, 3=High cost of feed, 4=Time shortage, 5=Lack of money to buy feed, 6=Others (specify) Code B (Type of feed provided): 1=Grains, 2=Vegetables, 3=Root crops, 4=Legumes, 5=Oil seeds, 6=Commercial feed (e.g. wheat bran, oilseed by-products, mash), 7=Kitchen waste, 8 = Other (specify)

Frequency: week 4 and then every 4 weeks Bird feeding cont d For each feed type the following data should be collected Code C - select from drop-down Numerical 1 - 28 Grams - Entered local currency (can be 0) - entered Next columns asked for each feed type Number of days feed provided in last 4 weeks (Average) Quantity given each day? Feed type provided to which birds? Feed cost in past 4 weeks Farmer A - grains 1 Introduced flock 28 300 grams 20,000 Farmer A kitchen waste 3 both flocks 3 500 grams 0 Code C (Feed provided to which birds?): 1 = Introduced flock, 2 = Existing Household flock, 3 = Both flocks

Frequency: week 12 [Birds approximately 18 weeks of age] then every 2 weeks) Egg production Egg production (from ALL birds) Egg production will be collected starting at week 12 and then every 2 weeks; the household will be informed to collect all eggs for the day before the enumerator arrival Eggs from the household flock and the introduced flock are combined for counting; the number of laying hens from each flock so that in analysis we can estimate the number of eggs from each flock. The number weighed may be different from total number of eggs if eggs are broken or being brooded on (HH flock only) dd/mm/yyyy (auto- generated) Code - filtered by Country Name - select from drop-down dd/mm/yyyy (entered - calendar) Entered Grams (0 - ???) Numeric (Entered - for each flock) Auto- shown Name - select Numeric (0 - 99) Entered Use format in example - period is the LAST 2 WEEKS Number of eggs produced by existing flock (if known) Number of eggs produced by Introduced flock (if known) Sub- National Area Number of eggs weighed Date of recording Enumerat or Name Household er Name Date of egg collection Total Egg Number Total Egg Weight Number of laying hens Village 30 Intro 20; HH - 15 Intro 10; HH - 20 Farmer A 35 185grams 15 Farmer B 15 90grams

Frequency: week 12 then every 2 weeks) Egg Use - sale, consumption and gifts Eggs sold, consumed, used for hatching, gifted or other (e.g. eaten by chicken, broken) should be recorded (every 2 weeks)from week 12 until week 72 Encourage the farmers to record (using tally) use of eggs for different reasons Eggs collected just prior to this section should be included in the NEXT 2-weekly visit. Name - select from drop-down; filtered by village Numeric (0 500) enter 0 if none sold! Local currency Enter zero (0) if no eggs sold Code 1=recall, 2 = recorded Numeric (0 500) No. Eggs used to hatch chicks Money received from egg sales No. Eggs Gifted or Other Householder Name No. Eggs Consumed Recall or recorded? No. Eggs Sold Farmer A 36 8000 15 12 10 1 - recall Farmer B 0 --- 28 10 12 2 - recorded

General Observations Frequency: Any visit This module can be used to record any general observations not already captured in other modules. Name - select from drop- down Full Name - select from drop-down; filtered by village Code - dd/mm/yyy y (auto- generated) Code - filtered by Country 1=Household, 2=Flock, 3=Bird If Bird level, give Tag ID Auto-shown Free text Sub-National Area Date of recording Enumerator Name Householder Name Level of observation Enumerator Observation Village Tag ID

Discussion questions 1. If you are planning to collect egg data on Friday, when should you inform the farmer of your visit? 2. What are some culturally appropriate ways of engaging women in your region? Can you explain how you could use this/these method(s) when collecting ACGG data? 3. What should you do if a household has had 7 mortalities of adult birds in the last 4 weeks? If the deaths happens at the start of the 4 weeks, would you want to know sooner? 4. How should you proceed if a household has sold introduced chickens before the close of the experiment (males<20 weeks, females<72 weeks)? 5. What would you say if a farmers informs you that they have not provided supplementary feed for their birds because they didn t know they needed to provide feed?

Discussion questions 6. How do you proceed if a farmer does not avail him/herself for data collection? What are some strategies for mitigating farmer fatigue across the 18 months of data collection? 7. What do you say and do if a household informs you that they no longer want to be an ACGG household? 8. If a farmer asks you where they can buy/be given more of the strain they have been provided, how do you respond? 9. How do you proceed if a farmer asks you for advice on poultry keeping/management, and you are uninformed about the topic/request? 10. What do you do if your tablet, ODK, or sim card is not functioning properly?

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