Empowering Universal Healthcare Through AI-Driven Solutions

AI Enabled Universal Healthcare Population Scale Healthcare Problems Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ALL.AI Summit, Hyderabad Oct 12, 2020

Scalable Sustainable Autonomic Universal Healthcare Universal Access to Healthcare requires creating Scalable Sustainable Autonomic Solutions Scalable Solutions Implement and debug solutions at local level Provide screening, diagnosis and medication to 100% of the population at the Village Levele first Scale to County, State, and Country 10 times more people covered in each stage Sustainable Solutions Low cost solutions first Who pays Every man, woman and child has right to basic healthcare Autonomic Solutions Screening, Diagnosis and Medication happen like clockwork Low Cost Alternatives Essential for Universal Healthcare Essential for Developing Economies Also Necessary to Care for Homeless and Below Poverty Level families 15% in US, 65% in India 2

Universal Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Eliminate Lockdowns Lockdowns are Awful. Mostly Poor Suffer. GDP Down(10%-20%) Lockdown May Not Be Needed If the Infected-Persons Can Be Identified and Isolated Quickly Several Smart Watches on The Market Are Capable of Monitoring Covid-19 Symptoms Temperature, Oxygen Level, Heart Rate, Breathing Rate And BP AI and Machine Learning Tools Can be Used to Identify and Isolate Infected Patients Based on Smart Phone/Watch Data Routine monitoring of all people in India will improve our ability to Predict and Prevent most illnesses, not just Viral Infections Cost Would be a Fraction of The Expected Loss in GDP in 2020 Source: Heidelberg Laureates Forum Talk, Sep 23, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj6I_IV8dBQ

5 National Priorities Towards Universal Healthcare Get Instant Medical Advice in Native language Based on Siri and Alexa like Voice Assistant Technology Now only works for English, French, German, Chinese etc. Meity is working on Indian Language versions RBSK: National Youth Wellness Screening Mission RBSK re-envisioned: Screening, Diagnosis, and Prescription 15 year-old Health Problems 10% Vision 10% Dental 10% Hearing 5% Anemia 24 Hour Solution Use Amazon-like Supply Chain Optimization U5MR India losing almost a million under-5 children annually (HT report) Of these, half a million children die within 28 days Primarily due to Infections from malnutrition, pneumonia, pre-term birth and diarrhea Solution Access to Realtime Medical Advice by Speech in Local Language QA Delivery of Drugs in 4 hours for 99% of Population Emergency Service (108) Mobile Hospital (104) Visit Every Village once a Month National Coverage Requires 33,500 (665K/20) Teams

Empower People at the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Rural Healthcare Infrastructure 67% have Networth of Less than $10000 They Have Not Been Helped by IT Revolution Not Seen as a Major Market by IT Companies Using a Smart-Phone, Intelligent Assistants like Siri and Alexa Speaking in Local Languages Can Enable the People at the Bottom-of-the Pyramid the Same Access to Healthcare as the Top of the Pyramid FORTUNE to be made at the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Rural Healthcare Infrastructure By Providing Health Related Products and Services to Rural India Using Smartphones and 5G for Telemedicine Rural Medical Clinics in Every Village Staffed by a Trained 8th Grade MBBS Connected to Experts at Call Centers

Universal Healthcare thru Self-help Tools Healthcare Delivery is Labor Intensive And Expensive Long waiting Times for Appointments and Therapy Develop Self Help Tools Based on Smartphones Capable of Talking in Local Languages Educate Every Family in Digital Literacy and Personal Hygiene In the use of Digital Tools Online resources Rapid access to medication Listen to TED talk on 5 Dangerous Things by Gever Tulley OK to Permit Children To Do Dangerous Things