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Welcome to the International Conference on Strengthening Climate Justice Initiatives: Focus on Farmers Kirit Shelat et al NCCSD NIRMA University NCCSD India 8 November 2014 1
Objective of the deliberations: Strengthen the call to reduce Climate burdens faced by farmers in particular through a Climate Justice perspective 1. Highlight The Legal basis of Climate Justice Approaches to ensure Timely delivery of Justice embedded in Comprehensive framework of sustainable development. Special focus on marginalized and affected farmers Cross cutting impacts Precautionary approaches Inclusive public policies 2. Hear the voices of farmers Demonstrate inclusiveness in deliberations through their participation Define opportunities to establish veracity of their observations to strengthen scientific temper. NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 2
The Contours of justice & the need for farmer focus Facets of justice Fairness, moral rightness and a scheme or system of law that benefits every citizen. Natural and legal rights. Farmer focus : Go beyond piece meal solutions Highly vulnerable and need speedy justice Have to tackle cross cutting consequences of Inclement weather and markets, adaptation by crops, diseases, post harvest management Need Locally adapted and inclusive knowledge systems Build on their understanding Empowers them to access emerging knowledge Livelihood opportunities with livestock, fisheries, land and water management, bio resources conservation Viable and locally feasible Climate smart practices that are not re packaged & redundant Overcome drudgery & Establish other enabling circumstances including infrastructure, crop insurance, food security, alternative livelihoods, soil / water / bio resources augmentation & multiple safety nets NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 3
Some Important leads Anand Agricultural University for Gujarat 3 C increase could reduce CERES-Peanut (Groundnut) yield by 31.2% / yr. CERES-Wheat by about 44% / yr. Across India as a whole Drought in 2002 reduced 15 million hectares of the rainy-season crops - loss of > 10% in food grain production. 2013 delayed monsoon rains caused a fall in rice cultivation. Terminal heat stress is lowering yields of late- sown wheat yields and cold waves during December 2002-January 2003 significantly affected mustard, mango, guava, papaya, brinjal, tomato and potato in northern India. Cold wave in 2006 damaged 50-60 % of young and 20-50 % old mango trees. Heat waves Nearly 20 lakh birds perished in June 2003. Can reduce a milk yield by 10-30% in first lactation and 5-20% in second and third lactation periods in cattle and buffaloes. NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 4
Small farmers stare at big losses Monsoon delay has pushed 20 of the 75 districts in UP to the brink of drought. Worst-hit are in Meerut, Kanpur and Varansi, where dry spell has damaged paddy. Unusual rain has harmed crops in parts of Bankura, Purulia and East Midnapore in Bengal Large-scale flooding, after heavy rains affected 23 districts in Odisha and entire regions of Kashmir. Source: Economic Times, 7 September, 2014 NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 5
The centrality of the farmer & The Indian perspective to tackle challenges Important challenges (amongst otehrs) persist. Approximately 20% people left out of the food security and employment guarantee schemes. Safety nets dealing with inputs and marketing are riddled with leakages. Delay in insurance payments Town planning does not emphasize grazing areas adequately NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 6
Call for action at the local level 1. Local level public Administration including Sub judicial Magistrate, Taluka Magistrate and Mamlatdar, the Taluka Development Officer and the Police Inspector, Commercial and co-operative banks, the Agriculture Produce Market Committee yard (APMC) ,the Input dealers related to seeds, fertilizer and agriculture tool and equipments have to be sensitized 2. The Sarpanch could visit the farms and help redress. 3. Integrated and locally adapted / feasible CSA practices should cover agriculture, fisheries, poultry, other livestock and animal husbandry. 4. Twin Mitigation and adaptation strategies for optimal returns. NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 7
The way forward The Climate justice perspective should address six inter related aspects. 1. Legal and administrative framework / provisions farmers can invoke for redressal and thrust responsibilities for related impacts 2. Safety-nets for affected families & Expedite delivery of services 3. Economic Inequities and system related barriers faced by farmers 4. Systems of warning and weather forecasts / agro-advisories and appropriate practices to tackle challenges that may occur a) Prior to b) During cultivation & c) Post harvest periods 5. Robust science & technology communication strategies: Bottom up 6. Accountability of industry, urban / peri urban areas including such infrastructure projects as power generation, ports, mining etc that generate these externalities. NCCSD India 8 November 2014 NIRMA University 8
