Energy Consumption Trends and Population Changes in U.S. Buildings
Explore energy consumption patterns in U.S. buildings, with a focus on residential and commercial sectors, population changes, and commercial floorspace growth projections from 2021 to 2050. Gain insights into delivered energy consumption, housing unit changes by region, and more.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Buildings Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Total buildings sector delivered energy consumption Buildings delivered energy consumption AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2021 25 history projections 20 15 residential buildings 10 commercial buildings 5 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial buildings energy consumption Commercial sector delivered energy consumption AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2021 history projections Residential sector delivered energy consumption AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2021 history projections 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 electricity natural gas petroleum and other liquids other electricity natural gas petroleum and other liquids other 4 4 2 2 0 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 3 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Change in population and residential housing stocks Residential housing unit and population changes by region and type in 2021 and 2050 AEO2022 Reference case millions, residential housing units population millions, U.S. population census divisions New England East North Central West North Central 2021 2050 35 105 Middle Atlantic Mountain population mobile multifamily single-family East South Central 30 90 West South Central South Atlantic Pacific 25 75 20 60 15 45 10 30 5 15 0 0 East North Central New England West South Central East South Central West North Central South Atlantic Middle Atlantic Pacific Mountain 4 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Commercial buildings floorspace growth Commercial floorspace in 2021 and growth in floorspace from 2021 to 2050 AEO2022 Reference case percentage growth office 0.9% mercantile/service 1.0% warehouse 1.2% education 1.1% assembly 0.6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) (2021 to 2050) other 1.3% lodging 1.2% CAGR food sales/service 1.0% health care 1.2% total floorspace in 2021 (billion square feet) 0 5 10 15 20 billion square feet 5 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Population-weighted heating and cooling degree days Population-weighted heating degree days by census division AEO2022 Reference case thousand degree days Population-weighted cooling degree days by census division AEO2022 Reference case thousand degree days 7 7 2021 2050 6 6 5 5 4 4 2021 2050 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 Middle Atlantic Middle Atlantic South Atlantic South Atlantic New England New England West South West South West North East South West North East South East North East North Mountain Mountain Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Pacific Pacific 6 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial electricity and natural gas prices Electricity prices in the residential and commercial sectors AEO2022 Reference case 2021 cents per kilowatthour Natural gas prices in the residential and commercial sectors AEO2022 Reference case 2021 dollars per thousand cubic feet 2021 2021 15 $20 history projections history projections residential $15 residential 10 commercial $10 commercial 5 $5 0 $0 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 7 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial energy intensity Indexed residential delivered energy intensity AEO2022 Reference case indexed annual energy use per household 2021 = 1.0 2021 history projections Indexed commercial delivered energy intensity AEO2022 Reference case indexed annual energy use per square foot 2021 = 1.0 2021 1.2 1.2 history projections purchased electricity purchased electricity total delivered energy 1.0 1.0 total delivered energy 0.8 0.8 natural gas natural gas 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 8 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial overall energy intensity by end use Commercial energy intensity by end use AEO2022 Reference case Residential energy intensity by end use AEO2022 Reference case space heating space heating other uses other uses water heating water heating space cooling space cooling 2021 2050 2021 2050 refrigeration and freezing refrigeration laundry and dishwashing ventilation TVs and PCs computers/office equip. lighting lighting cooking cooking 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 thousand British thermal units per square foot million British thermal units per household Note: Intensities reflect all energy sources consumed, including both purchased electricity and electricity produced onsite for own use. 9 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial electricity intensity by end use Commercial electricity intensity by end use AEO2022 Reference case Residential electricity intensity by end use AEO2022 Reference case space heating space heating other uses other uses water heating water heating space cooling space cooling 2021 2050 refrigeration refrigeration and freezing 2021 2050 ventilation laundry and dishwashing computers/office equipment TVs and PCs lighting lighting cooking cooking 0 thousand kilowatthours per household 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 kilowatthours per square foot Note: Intensities reflect both purchased electricity and electricity produced onsite for own use. 10 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Commercial building end-use intensities Indexed commercial service provided per square foot of floorspace AEO2022 Reference case 2021 = 1.0 2021 1.1 projections 1.0 ventilation cooking lighting space cooling 0.9 0.8 0.7 space heating 0.6 2020 2030 2040 2050 11 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial onsite generation versus purchased electricity Residential sector electricity consumption AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units Commercial sector electricity consumption AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 7 7 onsite generation for own use 6 6 onsite generation for own use 5 5 purchased electricity 4 4 purchased electricity 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 12 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential electricity use and miscellaneous electrical loads Electricity consumed to meet residential end-use demand AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units Characterized miscellaneous electric loads in the residential sector AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units cooking lighting laundry and dishwashing refrigeration and freezing water heating space heating space cooling characterized miscellaneous electric loads (MELS) other MELs security systems tablets, phones, smart speakers and rechargeable devices small kitchen appliances PCs and related equipment pool pumps, heaters, and spas ceiling fans and dehumidifiers televisions and related equipment 8 1.6 6 1.2 4 0.8 2 0.4 0 0.0 2021 2050 2021 2050 Note: The other MELs category includes aggregated energy use for end uses not explicitly characterized in the right-hand chart, as well as unspecified electricity consumption. 13 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Commercial electricity use and miscellaneous electrical loads Electricity consumed to meet commercial end-use demand AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units Characterized miscellaneous electric loads in the commercial sector AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 3.0 6 water heating, cooking, and space heating lighting ventilation space cooling refrigeration and freezing characterized miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) other MELs 2.5 5 lab and diagnostic equipment transformers water services, parking lot lighting, and other non-building uses IT and office equipment 4 2.0 1.5 3 1.0 2 1 0.5 0 0.0 2021 2050 2021 2050 Note: The other MELs category includes aggregated energy use for end uses not explicitly characterized in the right-hand chart, as well as unspecified electricity consumption. 14 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial solar photovoltaic generation capacity Residential solar distributed generation capacity AEO2022 Reference and side cases gigawatts direct current Commercial solar distributed generation capacity AEO2022 Reference and side cases gigawatts direct current 2021 2021 150 150 Low Renewables Cost history projections history projections 120 120 90 90 Low Oil and Gas Supply Reference High Oil and Gas Supply High Renewables Cost Low Oil and Gas Supply Low Renewables Cost High Renewables Cost Reference High Oil and Gas Supply 60 60 30 30 0 0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 15 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Commercial distributed generation capacity Commercial distributed generation capacity AEO2022 Reference case gigawatts direct current Commercial non-solar distributed generation capacity AEO2022 Reference case gigawatts direct current 80 4.0 microturbines natural gas-fired engines fuel cells natural gas-fired turbines municipal solid waste/other wind 60 3.0 natural gas-fired combined heat and power municipal solid waste/other wind solar 40 2.0 20 1.0 0 0.0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 16 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
Residential and commercial lighting consumption and lighting shares Lighting shares by type AEO2022 Reference case 2021 Electricity consumed to meet lighting demand AEO2022 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units residential sector percentage 100% 0.7 80% history projections commercial residential 60% 0.6 40% 20% 0.5 0% commercial sector percentage 0.4 100% 0.3 80% 0.2 60% 40% 0.1 20% 0.0 0% 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 other linear fluorescent incandescent/halogen light-emitting diode (LED) A-line/reflector compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) LED integrated luminaire Note: Includes both purchased electricity and onsite generation for own use. 17 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) www.eia.gov/aeo
