English Adjective and Adverb Phrases
The structures and components of adjective phrases and adverb phrases in English syntax. Learn about pre-modification, complementation, modifiers, and correlative structures within these phrases. Gain insights into how adverbs and adverb phrases function as specifiers and modifiers. Delve into the details of bare adjectives and adverbs, their modifications, and the presence of clauses in these phrases.
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Presentation Transcript
English syntax SECTION 2 ADJECTIVE PHRASE (AP) ADVERB PHRASE (AdvP) PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (PP)
Adjective phrase Atypical ADJECTIVE PHRASE has as its head an adjective. The head adjective may be pre-modified by: - degree adverbs (intensifying adverbs): very, highly, extremely, terribly, awfully, completely, much, quite, so, too, rather, somewhat, hardly, fairly, moderately, partially, slightly, increasingly - general adverbs (non-intensifying adverbs): frankly, potentially, immediately, annoyingly, oddly, disgustingly, amazingly, suspiciously, awkwardly, beautifully An adjective can take a complement: (be) absent from school, (be) interested in singing, (be) clever at math An adjective phrase may contain a modifier/clause. This is a correlative structure: so adj that: so tired that he cannot move.
The structure of adjective phrase A bare adjective beautiful AP A A beautiful
The structure of adjective phrase Adverbs to be the specifiers of AP so beautiful very pretty AP AdvP A A so very beautiful pretty
The structure of adjective phrase AP with a complement absent from school AP A PP A absent from school
The structure of adjective phrase AP contains a clause so tired that he cannot move AP A AdvP A CP A so that he cannot move tired
Adverb phrase A typical ADVERB PHRASE has as its head an adverb. Bare adverbs are very common in English. Adverbs may be modified by another adverb: very quickly, quite wonderfully, horribly fast, incredibly gracefully An adverb can take a complement: independently of your computer skills An adverb phrase may contain a clause/modifier. This is a correlative structure: so adv that: so carelessly that she fell down.
The structure of adverb phrase 1. A bare adverb well AdvP Adv Adv well
The structure of adverb phrase Another adverb to be a specifier so well very quickly AdvP AdvP Adv Adv well quickly so very
The structure of adverb phrase Another adverb to be a specifier AdvP so well very quickly AdvP Adv Adv Adv so very Adv well quickly
The structure of adverb phrase AdvP with a complement independently of your computer skills AdvP Adv PP Adv independently of your computer skills
The structure of adverb phrase AdvP contains a modifier so carelessly that she fell down AdvP Adv AdvP Adv CP Adv so that she fell down carelessly
The structure of adverb phrase AdvP contains a modifier so carelessly that she fell down AdvP Adv AdvP Adv CP Adv Adv Adv that she fell down carelessly so
Prepositional phrase A typical PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE has as its head a preposition. Prepositions are typically transitive, that is, they take a complement: near the house, after the class, on the table Prepositions may be modified by an adverb: very near the house, right atthe corner Some prepositions are complex prepositions: they take an PP as a complement: closeto the bank, awayfrom home Some prepositions may function as adverbs. Typically, when used intransitively, they are considered adverbs: They went very far.
The structure of prepositional phrase PP with a complement near my house PP P NP P Det N N Poss my house near
The structure of prepositional phrase An adverb to be a specifier of PP very near my house PP P AdvP P NP Det N N Poss my near very house
The structure of prepositional phrase An adverb to be a specifier of PP very near my house PP P AdvP P NP Adv Det N N Poss my Adv near very house
The structure of prepositional phrase Another PP as a complement PP close to the bank P P PP P P NP Det N Art the N to close bank
Exercise 1. so well 2. too slowly 3. extremely good 4. successful in business 5. so far from home 6. worry about her weight 7. sing in their big garden at the weekend 8. gave my nice girlfriend a new dress
