English Grammar Insights for Better Understanding

Department of English P.R.Government College(A), Kakinada 0

English perfect simple & continuous - Time expressions 2 - present perfect vs. past English Grammar Grammar- present

Example Yesterday I lost my key. I don t have a key now. I have lost my key. Example 1: 1: Example He went out five minutes ago. He is not here now. He has gone out. Example 2: 2: 2

Example I saw a good film last night. I still have to think about it. I have seen a good film (recently). Example 3: 3: Example She told me her name. I can t remember it now. I have forgotten her name. Example 4: 4: 3

I/we/they/you have etc.) He/she/it has person + have/has + past participle have (= I ve ve finished, , lost, etc. - - walked - - finished lost, cut etc. talked, etc. cut, , walked, , talked , etc. has (= he s s etc.) Englisch Grundlagen, Present Perfect, Time Expressions 4

Your Grammar Book Unit 6, p21, ex. 6.1-6.3 Murphy Copies Your turn: turn: 5

just > > > just = > Are you hungry? No, I ve just eaten > Hello. Have > Is Paul here? No, he s just gone out = a short time ago ve just eaten. Have you just arrived just arrived? s just gone out. Englisch Grundlagen, Present Perfect, Time Expressions 6

already > > > already = > I ve already paid > When is Paul leaving? He s already left > We ve already done = sooner than expected ve already paid all the bills. s already left. ve already done our homework. 7

Yet > Has > > > Is Paul back? No, he hasn t returned, yet Yet = > Has it stopped > I haven t sent = until now stopped raining yet? haven t sent the letter yet. yet? yet. hasn t returned, yet. 8

Have never Have you never... you ever ... ever...? ...? Yes, I Yes, I have have. / . / No No, , I ve I ve > Has > Have > I have time) Has Ann ever Have you ever have never ever been ever played never ridden been to Australia? Yes, once. played golf ridden a bike in my life. (1st golf? Yes, I play a lot. 9

How How long long have have you you ... ? ... ? > Dan and Kate are married for are married. They have five years have been been for five years. (for = period of time) I know (since = starting point) know Lisa. I ve ve known known her since since 2003 2003. 10

ago ago = = before now > When did three did you last see days ago see him? Oh, I saw saw him three days ago. ago ago = reference to the past past past simple!! simple!! 11

Present Present perfect perfect continuous continuous (1) - Timothy is is learning How He s s been learning German. long has been learning How long has he been learning German for been learning learning German? ? for two two years years. . Timothy is still learning German. 12

Present Present perfect perfect continuous continuous (2) - It is is raining How It s s been raining. long has been raining How long has it been raining all been raining all day raining? day. It is still raining. 13

Situation 1: Tom is looking for his key. He has He doesn t have his key now. has lost lost it. Situation 2 (10 later): Now Tom has Tom lost He has found his key. He has it now. lost his key (15 minutes ago). past simple has found has found found his key. present perfect 14

Past Use the past simple to talk about the past. Use the past simple for things that are not recent or new. Mozart was music. Past simple simple: was a composer. He wrote wrote pieces of Present Use the present perfect to talk about a result now. Use the present perfect for things that are recent or new. Paul has working OK now. Present perfect perfect: has repaired repaired the washing machine. It s 15

Past Use the past simple to talk about the past. Use the past simple for things that are connected to a clear We went Past simple simple: clear time went to the cinema yesterday time reference reference. . yesterday. Present Use the present perfect to talk about a result now. Use the present perfect for things that don t have a clear time reference. Have Present perfect perfect: Have you seen seen Tim recently recently. 16

Past clear time references: ago, when (?), yesterday, last week, on Sunday, 2 March 2003, in the 7th century, etc. Past simple simple: Present undefinite time references: recently, yet, already, never, ever, this week, this morning, today, etc. Present perfect perfect: 17