English Past Tense: Used to Construction Rules and Examples

English Conversational Construction Elshan Nasirov Elshan Nasirov Teacher of the Department of Economics Teacher of the Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Management Faculty of Economics and Management Nakhchivan State University Nakhchivan State University 2021 2021

Content Content 1. Construction Used to 2. Construction So / Neither 3. Construction It takes 4. Absolute Participle Construction 5. Preferences Construction

1. Used to 1. Used to In In this this intermediate intermediate English past past tense tense.. English lesson, lesson, we we will will look look at at the the Used Used to to construction, construction, which which is is used used in in the the Some rules Some rules 1. The The construction construction Used that that happened happened before Used to to describes describes regular regular actions actions or or states states in in the the past past and and means means as as "when "when before.." " 2. The The construction construction Used infinitive infinitive of of the the verb Used to to is is used verb uses uses with with the used only the particle particle to only in in the to.. the past past tense tense (Past (Past Simple Simple Tense), Tense), after after which which the the 3. This This construction construction used some some action action is is no used to to is is used no longer longer taking taking place used when place.. when the the speaker speaker wants wants to to show show that that in in the the present present tense tense I I used to go used to go swimming a lot. swimming a lot. I I used to used to get up at seven but now I get up later. get up at seven but now I get up later. He He didn t use didn t use to to wake up so early. wake up so early. What time did What time did you you use use to to wake up when you worked in a hospital? wake up when you worked in a hospital?

Warning! Warning! Which Which is correct is correct use to use to or or used to used to? ? Used to Used to refers to something familiar or refers to something familiar or routine as in that something repeatedly happened in the past like that something repeatedly happened in the past like "we routine as in "I'm "I'm used to used to getting up early for work," getting up early for work," or to say "we used to used to go out more." go out more." or to say Use Use to something in the past something in the past to typically occurs with did; typically occurs with did; "did you "did you use use to work there?" to work there?" or or "it didn't "it didn't use use to be like that," to be like that," describing describing Used Used to past that is no longer true. past that is no longer true. to is a phrase that can mean accustomed or habituated to or refers to something from the is a phrase that can mean accustomed or habituated to or refers to something from the Use Use to to and and used used to to are also frequently are also frequently used used in English grammar as modal verb phrases in English grammar as modal verb phrases..

Task. Task. Rewrite sentences using construction the Used to. Rewrite sentences using construction the Used to. Sample: Sample: He He played toy cars when he was a boy. = He used to play toy cars when he was a boy. played toy cars when he was a boy. = He used to play toy cars when he was a boy. 1. 1. He He studied French. = studied French. = 2. 2. 2. He 2. He was proud of his team.= was proud of his team.= 3. 3. 3. Peter 3. Peter had more pocket money. had more pocket money. = = 4. I 4. I lived lived near there. near there. = = 5. When 5. When Grandpa was a student, he did sports. Grandpa was a student, he did sports. = = 6. She 6. She went to the disco every Sunday. went to the disco every Sunday. = = 7. They 7. They were lucky. were lucky. = = 8. He 8. He argued with his classmates. argued with his classmates. = = 9. Mary 9. Mary went shopping on Friday. went shopping on Friday. = = 10. She 10. She had a short holiday in spring had a short holiday in spring.= .=

Test Test Larry Larry ... work as a lorry ... work as a lorry- -driver, bit now he works as a dispatcher at the station. driver, bit now he works as a dispatcher at the station. used used to didn't didn't use to use to to Our Our family ... live in Poland, but three weeks ago we moved to the UK. family ... live in Poland, but three weeks ago we moved to the UK. used used to didn't didn't use to use to to Nancy Nancy ... forget about important meetings, but now she has bought a pocket planner. ... forget about important meetings, but now she has bought a pocket planner. used used to didn't didn't use use to to to

Test Test Dean Dean ... translate technical literature to earn money, but now he has found a ... translate technical literature to earn money, but now he has found a wor wor of interpreter. of interpreter. used used to didn't didn't use to use to to My My girlfriend ... like men with long hair, but now she is dating with me, and she likes my long hair! girlfriend ... like men with long hair, but now she is dating with me, and she likes my long hair! used used to didn't didn't use to use to to I I ... wake up early and ... go to bed late before I started to work. ... wake up early and ... go to bed late before I started to work. used used to didn't didn't use use to to to

Test Test Our Our car ... break down all the time until Freddy fixed it. car ... break down all the time until Freddy fixed it. used used to to didn't didn't use to use to Francesca ... travel a lot, and now she works as a journalist in international magazine. Francesca ... travel a lot, and now she works as a journalist in international magazine. used used to to didn't didn't use to use to I ... use my mobile phone only to call my friends, but now I use such I ... use my mobile phone only to call my friends, but now I use such functionsnof the Internet, camera, games. the Internet, camera, games. used used to to didn't didn't use use to to functionsnof itnas itnas the access to the access to The students ... know how to use "used to", and now they know it! The students ... know how to use "used to", and now they know it! used used to to didn't didn't use use to to

2. So do I / Neither do I 2. So do I / Neither do I Affirmative Affirmative form: Peter: Peter: I I like stories by Jack like stories by Jack London Helen: Helen: So So do do I I . . form: London . . Negative Negative form He He doesn t doesn t like Neither Neither does form:: like love love stories does she she.. stories.. PRONOUNS AGREEMENT DISAGREEMENT I So do I Neither do I He So does he Neither does he She So does she Neither does she It So does it Neither does it You So do you Neither do you We So do we Neither do we They So do they Neither do they

Task Task. . Agree or disagree Agree or disagree using the construction So . using the construction So .I I / / Neither Neither I I 1 1.. I I don t don t give 2 2.. I I am am interested interested in in football 3 3.. I I haven t haven t visited visited the 4 4.. I I don t don t forget forget to 5 5.. I I can t can t talk talk when when somebody 6 6.. I I am am fond fond of of playing 7 7.. I I am am going going to to watch 8 8.. I I went went to to the the cinema 9 9.. I I don t don t like like hot hot weather 10 10.. I I always always tell tell the 11 11.. She She could could swim swim when 12 12.. She She was was playing playing music 13 13.. She She wasn t wasn t sleeping sleeping at at midnight 14 14.. She She doesn t doesn t like like apples 15 15.. She She is is not not a a good good singer 16 16.. She She will will do do her her best 17 17.. She She has has baked baked a a pie 18 18.. She She hasn t hasn t been been at at the 19 19.. She She must must do do the the work 20 20.. She She won t won t take take up give way way to to despair despair.. football.. the new new museum museum yet to water water the the flowers somebody is is interrupting playing music music.. watch a a movie movie tonight cinema yesterday yesterday.. weather.. the truth truth.. when she she was music from from 5 5 till midnight.. apples.. singer.. best at at her her exams pie today today.. the cinema cinema this work in in time time.. up dancing dancing lessons yet.. flowers.. interrupting me me.. tonight.. was 5 5 years till 6 6 in in the years old the evening old.. evening.. exams.. this week week.. lessons.. Test: https:// Test: https://englsecrets.ru/grammatika/so englsecrets.ru/grammatika/so- -do do- -i i- -neither neither- -am am- -i.html i.html

3. It takes 3. It takes This This construction construction is is used how how long long it it will center center.. used when when we will take take to to get we say your destination destination or say how how long long an an action action takes or how how long takes.. For long it it will For example, example, we will take take to we can can use to get get a a taxi use it it to taxi to to the to ask ask the city get to to your city It It takes me an hour to get to work takes me an hour to get to work.. The The flight to Moscow takes 3 hours flight to Moscow takes 3 hours.. My morning exercises take me 15 min My morning exercises take me 15 min.. It takes just a moment. It takes just a moment. It It takes some / a lot of doing. takes some / a lot of doing. It takes pluck to do what she did. It takes pluck to do what she did. It It takes nerve takes nerve to to do what she did. do what she did. It It takes greatly from the pleasure. takes greatly from the pleasure. It It takes me ten minutes to walk to work. takes me ten minutes to walk to work.

4. Absolute 4. Absolute Participle Construction Participle Construction The The absolute absolute participle and and instead instead of sentence, sentence, explaining explaining:: participle construction construction is is a a special of an an action action verb verb the the participle special participle participle construction participle form form is is used used.. This construction in in which This construction construction characterizes which there characterizes the there is is a a subject, subject, the main main REASON REASON:: The The hour hour being being late, late, she she hurried hurried home home.. TIME TIME:: His His story story told, told, he he sighed sighed.. RELATED RELATED CIRCUMSTANCES CIRCUMSTANCES:: He He was was standing standing there there silent, silent, a a bitter bitter smile smile curling curling his his lips lips An An absolute absolute participle participle construction construction in in an an English English sentences sentences is is always always separated separated by by a a comma comma.. An An absolute absolute participle English English language language.. participle construction construction is is one one of of the the most most difficult difficult participle participle constructions constructions in in the the

4. Absolute 4. Absolute Participle Construction Participle Construction Some examples Some examples The weather being cold, weather being cold, he put on his overcoat he put on his overcoat The The weather having changed, The weather having changed, we decided not to leave. we decided not to leave. The The bridge hav bridge having been swept by the flood away, ing been swept by the flood away, the train didn t arrive. the train didn t arrive. There being little time left, There being little time left, they took a taxi to get to the theatre in time. they took a taxi to get to the theatre in time. It being cold and damp, It being cold and damp, the weary the weary travellers travellers made a fire to warm themselves. made a fire to warm themselves. It being very late, It being very late, they decided to put off their visit. they decided to put off their visit. The sun having set an hour before, The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. it was getting darker. The weather being very warm, The weather being very warm, the windows were left open. the windows were left open. And the wind having dropped, And the wind having dropped, they decided to set out to walk. they decided to set out to walk. The next morning, The next morning, it being Sunday, it being Sunday, they all went to church. they all went to church. There being nothing else on the ta There being nothing else on the table, ble, the girl said that she wasn t hungry. the girl said that she wasn t hungry. The children being tired, The children being tired, they returned more slowly home. they returned more slowly home. The wind being very strong, The wind being very strong, our yacht couldn t reach the bank of the island. our yacht couldn t reach the bank of the island. It being now pretty late, It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs we took our candles and went upstairs..

5 5. . Preferences constructions Preferences constructions The The Preference Preference constructions constructions in in English English are are divided divided into into 3 3 groups groups:: 1 1.. Verbs Verbs that that express express a a positive positive attitude attitude to to the the action action:: l like ike, , love love, , enjoy enjoy, , prefer prefer Most Most importantly, after these verbs, the other action verb is always in the importantly, after these verbs, the other action verb is always in the ING ING form: form: I like I like reading reading I I love love reading reading books I I enjoy enjoy listening listening to I I prefer prefer playing playing football to playing basketball. football to playing basketball. books to music music 2. Verbs 2. Verbs that express a negative attitude that express a negative attitude to the to the action: action: d dislike islike, , hate hate, , can t can t stand stand

Preferences constructions Preferences constructions I I dislike dislike cooking. cooking. I I hate hate washing washing up. I I can t stand can t stand getting up. getting up early. up early. If you are not so categorical, then you can use the verb If you are not so categorical, then you can use the verb don t mind don t mind:: I don t mind I don t mind cooking. I I don t mind don t mind washing I don t mind I don t mind getting cooking. washing up. getting up early up early.. up. 3. The 3. The preference preference constructions constructions would rather would rather vs vs would prefer would prefer We use preference constructs when we say what we would like to do We use preference constructs when we say what we would like to do something situation. situation. something in a particular in a particular Remember: Remember: I would rather = I would prefer = I would I would rather = I would prefer = I would like like Do not confuse the expressions Do not confuse the expressions I would rather do I would rather do and and I would I would prefer to prefer to do do! ! I d rather stay home tonight. I d rather stay home tonight. I d prefer I d prefer to to stay home tonight. stay home tonight. Attention: Attention: I I like traveling like traveling (gerund) (gerund). . vs vs I would like to travel I would like to travel (infinitive) (infinitive)..

Exercises Exercises Exercise Exercise 1. Insert 1. Insert the the verbs verbs bello bellow w into into sentences sentences:: do do, draw, go, listen, play, read, ride, swim, talk, visit, , draw, go, listen, play, read, ride, swim, talk, visit, work, buy work, buy Our Our grandfather enjoys ______ in the garden. grandfather enjoys ______ in the garden. My little sister likes _______ dolls. My little sister likes _______ dolls. The boys prefer _____ to music. The boys prefer _____ to music. The child hates ______ in the swimming pool. The child hates ______ in the swimming pool. I don t mind ______ morning exercises. I don t mind ______ morning exercises. I enjoy _____ short stories. I enjoy _____ short stories. They want _______ a bike. They want _______ a bike. My brother hates ______ to museum. My brother hates ______ to museum. Granny likes _____ about her garden. Granny likes _____ about her garden. Next time she is going to ____ a vase Next time she is going to ____ a vase..

Exercises Exercises Exercise Exercise 2. Insert verbs in the blanks. 2. Insert verbs in the blanks. I hate (a, e, t, k) medicine. I hate (a, e, t, k) medicine. He enjoys (e, e, m, t) new people. He enjoys (e, e, m, t) new people. We love ( We love (i i, v, t, s, , v, t, s, i i) our country house. ) our country house. She hates (e, g, t) up early. She hates (e, g, t) up early. Stop (l, t, a, k)! Stop (l, t, a, k)! They dislike (n, c, l, e, a) their room. They dislike (n, c, l, e, a) their room. Do you like (y, p, a, l) the guitar? Do you like (y, p, a, l) the guitar? They would like to (a, t, e) in the cafe. They would like to (a, t, e) in the cafe. I enjoy (a, I enjoy (a, i i, n, t, p). , n, t, p). It stopped (n, r, It stopped (n, r, i i, a). , a).

Exercises Exercises 3. Insert Infinitive VS Gerund. Exercise Exercise 3. Insert Infinitive VS Gerund. I don t want (play) the piano right now , said the girl. I don t want (play) the piano right now , said the girl. I had some problems with my English and my brother offered .. (help) me. I had some problems with my English and my brother offered .. (help) me. I enjoy (help) my friends. I enjoy (help) my friends. "Romeo and Juliet" is a very interesting and romantic film. It is worth . (see). "Romeo and Juliet" is a very interesting and romantic film. It is worth . (see). The tourists come to Moscow (see) its wonderful places of interest. The tourists come to Moscow (see) its wonderful places of interest. My mother wanted . (cook) a pie on my birthday. My mother wanted . (cook) a pie on my birthday. She likes .. (cook) for our family. She is good at it. She likes .. (cook) for our family. She is good at it. My uncle is fond of (travel). He has been to ten countries! My uncle is fond of (travel). He has been to ten countries! I d like (travel) all over the world when I grow up. I d like (travel) all over the world when I grow up. When did he .. (drive) a car? When did he .. (drive) a car? - - When he was fourteen. When he was fourteen. Little Nick would like . (learn) to ride a bicycle. Little Nick would like . (learn) to ride a bicycle. I d like (eat) five cakes, I m so hungry. I d like (eat) five cakes, I m so hungry. My little brother hates (eat) oranges. My little brother hates (eat) oranges. I hope (visit) many foreign countries when I grow up. I hope (visit) many foreign countries when I grow up. Clever students enjoy (do) difficult exercises. Clever students enjoy (do) difficult exercises.

Exercises Exercises Exercise 4. Exercise 4. Tell , Tell , what you would like to do. what you would like to do. Use Use the construction the construction I would like to I would like to and the preposition and the preposition instead instead of of Example: Example: James James would like to would like to read a book read a book instead of instead of working in the garden. working in the garden. Commentary Commentary: A gerund is placed after the preposition instead of : A gerund is placed after the preposition instead of 1. James / read the book / work in the garden. 1. James / read the book / work in the garden. 2. Chris / play football / do one's homework. 2. Chris / play football / do one's homework. 3. Jane and Mary / sunbathe / clean up. 3. Jane and Mary / sunbathe / clean up. 4. Laura / watch TB / wash up. 4. Laura / watch TB / wash up. 5. Nick and Peter / ride one's bicycles / play the computer. 5. Nick and Peter / ride one's bicycles / play the computer. 6. 6. Mr. Mr. Robertson / drink tea / make a bird house. Robertson / drink tea / make a bird house. 7. 7. Mrs. Mrs. Smith / talk over the phone / cook. Smith / talk over the phone / cook. 8. Irene / write a letter / go to work. 8. Irene / write a letter / go to work. 9. The children / swim / repair the car. 9. The children / swim / repair the car. 10. The dog / walk about the field / look through the window. 10. The dog / walk about the field / look through the window.

Exercises Exercises Exercise 5. Use Exercise 5. Use the construction I would prefer to rather than the construction I would prefer to rather than Example: Example: James James would prefer to would prefer to read a book read a book rather than rather than work in the garden. work in the garden. Commentary Commentary: After : After rather than rather than the infinitive of the verb the infinitive of the verb is put is put without without the particle the particle to to:: 1 1. James / read the book / work in the garden. . James / read the book / work in the garden. 2. Chris / play football / do 2. Chris / play football / do his his homework. homework. 3. Jane and Mary / sunbathe / clean up. 3. Jane and Mary / sunbathe / clean up. 4. Laura / watch TB / wash up. 4. Laura / watch TB / wash up. 5. Nick and Peter / ride 5. Nick and Peter / ride their their bicycles / play the computer. bicycles / play the computer. 6. 6. Mr. Mr. Robertson / drink tea / make a bird house. Robertson / drink tea / make a bird house. 7. 7. Mrs. Mrs. Smith / talk over the phone / cook. Smith / talk over the phone / cook. 8.Ireen / write a letter / go to work. 8.Ireen / write a letter / go to work. 9. The children / swim / repair the car. 9. The children / swim / repair the car. 10. The dog / walk about the field / look through the window. 10. The dog / walk about the field / look through the window.