Enhancing Controlled Substance Security in Community Pharmacies with AI and Technology
Unauthorized drug diversion poses a significant threat to public health and pharmacy integrity in Nigeria. This review explores the impact of drug diversion, challenges faced, and the role of AI, blockchain, and IoT technologies in improving pharmacy security. Discover the potential of integrated security measures and innovative solutions to safeguard controlled substances effectively.
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Enhancing Controlled Substance Security in Community Pharmacies with AI and Technology in Nigeria: A Review Hassana Haruna Aliyu, Samuel Nkum Tenkorang, and Hussaina Haruna Aliyu CAPCDR 8th Conference International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Academia and Profession CENTER FOR ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH (CAPCDR) 25th-26th December 2024
PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Introduction/ Background 2. Drug Diversion and Its Impact 3. Technological Advancements in Pharmacy Security 4. Integration of Multiple Security Measures 5. Overcoming Challenges in Adoption 6. The Future of Controlled Substance Security 7. Conclusion and Recommendation 8. References
INTRODUCTION/ BACKGROUND Drug Diversion: Unauthorized redirection of drugs into illegal markets (Zuleka et al., 2023) Pharmacies are prime targets for drug diversion, making it crucial to secure controlled substances to prevent misuse and protect public health (El-Dahiyat et al., 2023). Challenges in Preventing Drug Diversion: Diversion of drugs from legal channels is an ongoing issue, with conventional methods increasingly failing to keep up with evolving tactics. Role of Technology: Advancements in AI, blockchain, and IoT technologies offer promising solutions to enhance security and streamline processes in pharmacies (Amingad et al., 2023).. Figure 1: Drug Diversion, Effects and Technology
DRUG DIVERSION AND ITS IMPACT Drug Diversion: A significant concern for both pharmacies and public health, contributing to addiction, 4 illegal drug markets, and public health crises. Consequences: addiction rates, health risks, and economic costs due to diverted drugs (Knight et al., 2022) . Includes rising Ineffectiveness Security: Conventional methods like manual checks and locked cabinets are becoming less effective as diversion tactics evolve (Zhang et al., 2020) . of Traditional Figure 2: Path of Diverted Drugs and the Need for Advanced Security
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN PHARMACY SECURITY AI (Artificial Intelligence): Uses predictive analytics to identify patterns in employee behavior and drug 5 movements, helping predict and prevent diversion (Knight et al., 2022). Blockchain: Offers tamper-proof tracking of drug movements, ensuring transparency and integrity in the supply chain (Shete et al., 2024). IoT (Internet of Things): Provides real-time monitoring of controlled substances' storage conditions and access, alerting staff to unusual activities or environmental changes (Bhattacharya et al., 2022). Enhanced Security: Together, these technologies offer a more effective, efficient, and transparent approach to security. (Amingad et al., 2023). Figure 3: Flow chart showing the Integration of AI, Blockchain, and IoT to Improve Pharmacy Security
INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE SECURITY MEASURES Physical Security: Includes locked cabinets, safes, 5 and surveillance cameras that still play a vital role. Automated Systems: management systems, supported by manual audits and staff training, provide additional layers of security (Jasmitha et al., 2023). Automated inventory Blockchain + IoT: Real-time tracking, combined with environmental monitoring, ensures both drug security and compliance with storage conditions. Hybrid Approach: Combining AI, blockchain, IoT with traditional methods like physical locks and safes creates a robust security system. Figure 4: Hybrid Security Approach
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN ADOPTION High Initial Costs: The high upfront costs for hardware, software, and staff training can be prohibitive, 5 especially for smaller pharmacies (Rammal et al., 2024). Infrastructure Needs: Pharmacies need reliable internet and technical support to implement and maintain these systems effectively (Hnatenko & Lysenko, 2024). Integration Issues: Many pharmacies rely on legacy systems, which may be incompatible with newer technologies like AI or blockchain (Grothen et al., 2020). Data Privacy & Compliance: Pharmacies must navigate data protection laws to ensure that patient information and drug tracking data are secure (Grothen et al., 2020).
THE FUTURE OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE SECURITY Advancements in Technology: AI, blockchain, and IoT will continue to evolve, leading to more 5 sophisticated and reliable security systems. Predictive AI: Systems could evolve to predict security breaches before they happen, based on patterns in data. Blockchain & Smart Contracts: Blockchain could integrate with smart contracts to automate compliance, ensuring that pharmacies automatically adhere to regulations. IoT Technology: IoT will become more advanced, with sensors that provide real-time feedback on drug storage conditions and access.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary of Findings: Technology improves pharmacy security significantly, but challenges in cost, 5 integration, and privacy must be addressed. Importance of Adoption: Adopting these technologies is essential for better security, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Call to Action: Stakeholders pharmacy owners, healthcare regulators must support the integration of these advanced technologies. Future Research Areas: Further studies should focus on the economic impact, system integration, frameworks necessary to support widespread adoption. providers, and and regulatory Figure 5: Collaboration Between Stakeholders to Implement Security Measures
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