Enhancing Hardware Capabilities for AI Success
Overcoming early AI failures due to hardware limitations by utilizing standard and specialized hardware solutions. Explore the evolution of hardware architecture, reliance on standard hardware, and leveraging GPUs for improved computational performance in data science.
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November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: NBA-MMS-UWB MAC Considerations Date Submitted: Nov. 15, 2021 Source: Yong Liu, Santhosh Kumar Mani, Sam Schaevitz, Robert Golshan (Apple Inc.) Address: One Apple Park Way, Cupertino, CA 95104, USA E-Mail: yongliu@ieee.org Abstract: MAC design considerations for narrow-band assisted (NBA)-multi-millisecond (MMS)-UWB ranging protocols Purpose: Notice: discussion and is not binding on the authoring individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The authors(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 1 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> PAR Objective Safeguards so that the high throughput data use cases will not cause significant disruption to low duty-cycle ranging use cases Interference mitigation techniques to support higher density and higher traffic use cases Other coexistence improvement Proposed Solution (how addressed) Backward compatibility with enhanced ranging capable devices (ERDEVs) Improved link budget and/or reduced air-time Use coordinated PHY signaling (NB and UWB) to improve link budget and/or to reduce air-time Additional channels and operating frequencies Improvements to accuracy / precision / reliability and interoperability for high-integrity ranging Reduced complexity and power consumption Off-loading of functionality to lower-complexity/power NB PHY helps reduce complexity of heavier UWB sub-system Exploit tightly coupled concurrent operation of NB to help UWB Hybrid operation with narrowband signaling to assist UWB Enhanced native discovery and connection setup mechanisms Sensing capabilities to support presence detection and environment mapping Low-power low-latency streaming Higher data-rate streaming allowing at least 50 Mbit/s of throughput Support for peer-to-peer, peer-to-multi-peer, and station-to- infrastructure protocols Infrastructure synchronization mechanisms NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 2 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> Contents Motivations High Level NBA-MMS-UWB Protocol NB MAC Considerations Conclusions NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 3 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> Motivation 15-21-0409-01-04ab-narrowband-assisted-multi-millisecond-uwb: Distribute UWB over short bursts ( fragments ) spanning N milliseconds, providing an emissions budget of up to N*37 nJ Reuse high-performance 802.15.4 NB companion link to anchor the subsequent fragmented UWB transmissions providing time (T) and frequency (F) sync & thereby allowing low-complexity, high-performance UWB processing to integrate energies at Rx Example: UWB fragments contain CIR training sequences while sync and (control) data are offloaded to NB => Link Budget improvement for ranging use case amounting to more than 10*log10(N) dB Tight coupling (e.g., shared XO & MAC timer) between NB and UWB is required NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 4 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> Protocol Perspective (Example) 15-21-0409-01-04ab-narrowband-assisted-multi-millisecond-uwb NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 5 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> 802.15.4z Ranging Session NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 6 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> NBA-MMS-UWB Ranging Session (Example) NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 7 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> NB MAC Considerations Low power Contention free channel access (no LBT) Small protocol overhead Short NB packets Channel congestion / fading mitigation UNII-3 @ 5GHz band (refer to 15-21-0593-02-04ab-more-on-nba-mms) Channel hopping every ranging round Adaptive configuration Configurable ranging block/round, # of UWB fragments per round, ranging report methods, etc. NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 8 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> Conclusions NB assisted MMS UWB can provide substantial link budget gains. Ranging block/round defined in 802.15.4z can be extended to support the NBA-MMS-UWB ranging sequence. NB MAC designs should consider power optimization, channel congestion / fading mitigation, adaptive configuration etc. NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 9 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
November 2021 doc.: <15-21-0605-00-04ab> References 15-21-0409-01-04ab-narrowband-assisted-multi-millisecond-uwb 15-21-0593-02-04ab-more-on-nba-mms.pptx NBA-MMS-UWB Slide 10 Yong Liu, et. al. (Apple Inc.)
