Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Impact on Society
Explore the influential figures of the Enlightenment era including Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, and Mary Wollstonecraft. Learn about their ideas on government, society, natural rights, freedom of speech, and the power of the people. Discover how their works shaped the course of history and laid the foundation for modern concepts of governance and individual rights.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 6 Sec.2 The Age of Enlightenment
THOMAS HOBBES Social Contract Wrote Leviathan Says people are cruel, greedy and selfish People must be controlled Favored absolute monarch
JOHN LOCKE People are reasonable and moral People have natural rights Right to life, liberty and property Wrote Two Treaties of Government Best government has limited power Government has obligation to those it governs If government fails, people have a right to overthrow government Constitution of US reflects many ideas of Locke No taxation without representation
Charles Baron de Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of the Laws and The Persian Letters (which helped usher in the Age of Enlightenment) He liked Britain s limited monarchy He liked separation of powers- 3 branches of government Checks and balances would protect the liberties of the people Quote In order to have liberty, it is necessary that the powers of the government be separated
VOLTAIRE Wrote Candide about a person who travels across Europe and the Americas in search of the best possible worlds Quote I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to your death your right to say it Attacked corrupt government- hated slave trade Defended Freedom of Speech
Denis Diderot Jean Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract- this book advocated will of the majority and common good Quote Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains Had faith in the general will - the will of the majority majority should always work for the common good Hatred of political and economic oppression People in natural state were naturally good Wrote 28 volume Encyclopedia (Took 25 years to write) Denounced slavery and praised freedom of expression Efforts to ban encyclopedia failed- helped to spread Enlightenment to Americas
Mary Wollstonecraft Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of Nations Believed in free market- natural forces of supply and demand to operate and regulate business Strong supporter of Laissez faire Quote There should be no government regulations on trade Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women Wanted same education for boys and girls
