Ensuring Regulatory Compliance Through In-Use PEMs Testing
In-use Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMs) testing plays a vital role in ensuring regulatory compliance, policy effectiveness, and avoiding crises like the Volkswagen scandal. Emissions Analytics is a specialist in PEMs testing and data analysis, with a focus on real-world emissions data for various stakeholders including OEMs, regulators, and media. The use of equipment like SEMTECH-DS and LDV Portable Emissions Measurement Systems allows for comprehensive testing of vehicles, capturing emissions data for CO2, CO, NO, NO2, and total hydrocarbons. Objectives of a rolling in-service surveillance program include testing over 500 vehicles annually to complement type approval and ensure regulatory efficacy, particularly in areas such as air quality, greenhouse gases, and fuel economy. Monitoring and tracking policy effectiveness is crucial, as seen in the latest trends related to NOx emissions and Conformity Factors over time.
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The role of in-use PEMS testing to ensure regulatory compliance and policy effectiveness and to avoid another Volkswagen crisis. Nick Molden 17 March 2016
Emissions Analytics credentials Founded in 2011 Headquartered in UK, with operations in London, Los Angeles and Stuttgart Specialist in PEMS testing and data analysis 1200+ vehicles tested Largest commercially available database of real-world emissions data Works with OEMs, Tier 1/2 suppliers, fuel and chemical companies, regulators, consultancies, consumer media 2
Equipment SEMTECH-DS and -LDV Portable Emissions Measurement System connects to tailpipe Captures emissions for CO2, CO, NO,NO2, total hydrocarbons At 1 Hertz Air temperature, pressure, humidity GPS for speed and altitude Engine data via CANBUS Fuel economy derived via carbon balance Weight addition 100-250 pounds 3
Objectives Rolling in-service surveillance programme of production vehicles Target to test 500+ vehicles per year To complement type approval And ensure efficacy of regulations Air quality, greenhouse gases, fuel economy Independent, making data available to all Top-level ratings for marketing Benchmark rankings Deep-dive analysis for manufacturers 4
NOx latest trends (1) 25.00 Euro 5/6 NOxdiesel Conformity Factor over time Rolling 12-month average of exceedance factor in blue Step-change technology launched Q2 to Q3 2014 No further reduction in Conformity Factor since then Average CF dipped to 2.7 in 2014, but risen to 3.5 since then 20.00 15.00 Conformity Factor 10.00 5.00 0.00 02/11/2011 02/01/2012 02/03/2012 02/05/2012 02/07/2012 02/09/2012 02/11/2012 02/01/2013 02/03/2013 02/05/2013 02/07/2013 02/09/2013 02/11/2013 02/01/2014 02/03/2014 02/05/2014 02/07/2014 02/09/2014 02/11/2014 02/01/2015 02/03/2015 02/05/2015 02/07/2015 02/09/2015 02/11/2015 02/01/2016 Test date 6
NOx latest trends (2) 25.00 Euro 6 diesel NOx Conformity Factor by country German manufacturers leading introduction of Euro 6 vehicles And offer the cleanest US manufacturers slow to bring Euro 6 vehicles to market Japanese very consistent around market average conformity factor 20.00 15.00 Conformity Factor 10.00 5.00 0.00 18/10/2012 06/05/2013 22/11/2013 10/06/2014 Test date 27/12/2014 15/07/2015 31/01/2016 Germany Japan Other US 7
NOx latest trends (3) 25.00 Euro 6 diesel NOx Conformity Factor by after-treatment type Earliest Euro 6 vehicles were LNT and EGR-only, but LNT quickly became dominant technology More recent switch to SCR Nevertheless, good performance achieved by many LNT systems Similarly wide spread of performance between LNT and SCR 20.00 15.00 Confirmity Factor 10.00 5.00 0.00 18/10/2012 06/05/2013 22/11/2013 10/06/2014 Test date 27/12/2014 15/07/2015 31/01/2016 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)-only Lean NOx trap (LNT) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 8
Will Real Driving Emissions help? Conformity factor initially 2.1 168 mg/km Further increased by exclusions due to boundary conditions details TBD PEMS test-to-test variability of 30%, so OEMs will need to target ~129 mg/km to avoid getting caught by in- service surveillance 14.00 12.00 10.00 Conformity Factor 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 14/09/2011 01/04/2012 18/10/2012 06/05/2013 22/11/2013 Test date 10/06/2014 27/12/2014 15/07/2015 31/01/2016 Euro 5 Euro 6 9
Vehicle rating scheme Vehicle rating scheme based on their real-world NOx emissions, launching in April 2016 Initially on cars, but shortly to extent to light commercial vehicles Non-statutory complement to new Real Driving Emissions regulations But will also Discriminate between high and low emitters, rather than just pass/fail Be updated for each model year to keep up with new calibrations Ratings will be published and put in the public domain Manufacturers and consumer media can adopt as independent, voluntary standard Similar to New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP, Global NCAP) Robust, independent standard needed to measure and incentivise actions to bring about air quality improvements 15
Nick Molden, Chief Executive Officer nick@emissionsanalytics.com +44 (0) 20 7193 0489 +44 (0) 7765 105902 17
