Error Rates and Random Match Probabilities in Ballistics Research
This study delves into error rates and random match probabilities in ballistics research based on the RUGER 10-Barrel Test and the GLOCK Cartridge Case Tests. Conducted by a team of experienced scientists over nearly 25 years, the research established error rates using advanced Bayesian techniques. The project involved identifying bullets fired from consecutively rifled RUGER 9mm pistol barrels, with participation from labs in 24 countries. The findings, featured in various scientific journals, provide valuable insights for the forensic science community.
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COL155 Thomas Phillips: A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London, 1694 Jonathan Fulton Spring 2014
Background Phillips slave trader from England Journey England to Africa to Barbados Bought slaves in African kingdom of Whydah
Factory P186 Begins by describing factory where English did their business. Walled compound with a gate, a trunk (prison), a graveyard, some houses
Meeting the King 1stmet the Cappasheirs noblemen who represented the king at the factory Next day met the king Flattery
Flattering the King We assured him how great affection our masters, the royal African company of England, bore to him, for his civility and fair and just dealings with their captains
Flattering the King there were many other places, more plenty of negro slaves that begged their custom, yet they had rejected all the advantageous offers made them out of good will to him
Meeting the king He asked about the type of cargo they had to trade, how many slaves they wanted Met with samples and agreed about prices Next day English took turns trading
Trade 1st, had to buy the king s slaves they were generally the worst slaves in the trunk, and we paid more for them than any others Then traded with cappasheirs Had doctors check the slaves
Trade Prices had already been determined, so a matter of choosing slaves they wanted Then branded them: we marked the slaves we had bought in the breast, or shoulder, with a hot iron, having, the letter of the ship s name on it
Aboard the Ship Chained the slaves together to prevent them from trying to escape they having a more dreadful apprehension of Barbadoes than we can have of hell, though in reality they live much better there than in their own country; but home is home
Punishment of slaves Some slave ship commanders kill or injure most troublesome slaves scares the others Phillips says he can t do this as a Christian, and that he thinks black and white people are equal So this is just economics for him
Goods traded Most valuable cowries Could get a 500% profit trading these Used for jewelry
Good traded Also: brass and metal, cloth, coral, beads, iron, gunpowder, alcohol
Life on the ship Shackled Fed dabbadabb, Indian corn made into pudding, and beans At evening, let on deck for exercise
Life on ship we often at sea in the evenings would let the slaves come up into the sun to air themselves, and make them jump and dance for an hour or two to our bagpipes, harp, and fiddle, by which exercise to preserve them in health; but notwithstanding all our endeavour, it was my hard forturne to have great sickness and mortality among them.
Life on Ship Middle Passage = brutal death rates Phillips had 700 slaves, 480 men and 220 women Arrived in Barbadoes with 372, which equalled 19 pounds/head