Essential Building and Construction Materials for Sustainable Development
Discover a comprehensive guide on building and construction materials, including natural and industrial substances, raw material resources, and desirable properties for various applications such as roads, roofing, aggregates, bricks, tiles, and glass. Explore the importance of sourcing quality materials for social and industrial developments.
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Presentation Transcript
Building and Construction materials: It is any materials which is used for construction purposes. Many naturally occurring substances such as clay, rock, & sand, many industrial substances such as cement, plaster, & glass. It comprise a great group of non-metallic materials for social and industrial developments (building schools, hospitals, health centers, road pavement, residential complexes, dams, and airports ---etc.) need finding and locating raw material resources such as those listed in the following table:
Product Sources Desirable properties regular widely spaced bedding & joints, high compressive strength, resistance to weathering especially in limestone, hard sandstone, Dimension stone and Ornamental stone granite, marble, travertine, gypsum industrial regions Roofing stone (Slate) strongly cleaved fine Regular closely spaced grained metamorphic cleavage, resistance to rocks (Slate) weathering
Road stone crushed basalt, fine granite Resistance to abrasion, fine- , quartzite, flint, industrial medium grain size, low waste, in combination porosity, binds well with with bitumen bitumen Aggregate: for concrete (cement + sand + gravel), sand and gravel (fluvial, Range of particle sizes (grading), like low impurities glacial, marine), crushed for mortar(cement+sand), sand and gravel, crushed for asphaltic concrete or (sulphate, sulphide, organic rock, industrial waste asphalt pavements (sand matter, chlorides, mica, fine (slag) +gravel+cement or filler + bitumen), for roads (sub clay materials) base layer), for building foundations & dams, for water purification filters
Bricks and Tiles clay (marine, alluvial, no excess water (plasticity glacial) fired at high index), low (iron, sulphide, temperatures. sulphate CaSO4 < 5%, sand, limestone carbonate CaCO3 < 20%), Cement limestone mixed with clay constant composition (CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3), low (S, converted to clinker in kiln, product ground to MgO, P, alkalis) powder with gypsum
Glass quartz or silica sand, suitable grading grains, no quartzite impurities (low iron) Juss, plaster, plaster gypsum, anhydrite no impurities (low clay and boards iron) Insulating materials fibrous and flaky not injurious to health metamorphic minerals (asbestos), mica, diatomite, vermiculite
