Establishing Psychosocial Support and Personal Assistance Service for People with Disabilities

SERVICE-AGENCY FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT AND PERSONAL ASSISTENCE FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Service-Agency for psichosocial support and personal assistence for persons with disabilities Service KOLOSEUM , Belgrade Project Carrier: Expert Consultant: Associate:

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 3 Establishing a psychosocial support service and personal assistance Establishment of services (agencies) for psychosocial support and personal Assistance for people with disabilities is the result of numerous projects that are realized by Koloseum in the previous period. The results of this projects have shown that psychosocial support and personal assistance in the ultimate state lead to greater social competence and social participation of persons with disabilities. The basic paradigm that social participation represents a precondition for the quality of life of persons with disabilities is confirmed. Considering this facts the psychosocial support and personal assistance Service has been established- Service Koloseum, Belgrade. Service for Psychosocial Support and Personal Assistance - Service Koloseum, presents a novelty in our practice (new approach to work and new content services for persons with disabilities and their families). It's an opportunity for certain groups of people with disabilities, which are due to the nature and severity of their disability excluded from existing social care institutions and programs, engage in psychosocial support and help program. In the Republic of Serbia, a significant number of people with disabilities have a problem to actively participate in everyday life and to participate in the social community in the way they want or in the way that they remaining skills allow them. Basic damage, physical barriers, prejudice and the attitudes of the people around them, as well as insufficient social assistance and support, make it difficult and limit social participation to these persons. Lack of opportunity for participation in daily life activities, low level of expectations of professional staff, lack of educational content to support a sense of personal responsibility etc, are just some of the situations that are in large measure the contribution of disability to these people. The problem is multiplied by the aging of their parents, the disturbance of their health and the constant exhaustion of the family budget. Bearing in mind the nature and weight of the problem constant need for care, treatment and protection, it is clear that these persons and their families are currently endangered population and require urgent intervention. The only possible solution to the problem is the development of alternative forms of support, the establishment of a psychosocial support service and personal assistance, which will be at the service of people with disabilities and their families for 24 hours.

4 Establishing a psyhosocial support service and personal assistance Service activities Service for psychosocial support and personal assistance Service Koloseum, provides a complete system of services for persons with disabilities, families of persons with disabilities, also for providers of services to persons with disabilities and creators of social policies at local, regional and national level. The main activities of the service are: - psychosocial support for persons with disabilities and their families - personal assistance to persons with disabilities - education of providers of services for persons with disabilities (psychosocial therapists, personal assistants) - education of users of psychosocial support services and personal services assistance - development of standards and quality of services for people with disabilities -collection of data about disabilities 1. Psychosocial support for persons with disabilities and their families Psychosocial support is a concrete type of expert assistance and support for persons with disabilities and their family members in solving practical problems in everyday life, which may be of a different nature, caused by damage or social disorientation and inhibition. The basic assumption is that disability affects not only the disabled person, but also disrupts the dynamics and functionality of the whole family. In the existing institutional framework of social care for people with disabilities, these problems are not paid enough attention. They are not solved or are sometimes dealt with by non-peculiar people. It is rarely a professional therapist specifically engaged in solving this specific problem, so that psychosocial problems exist as - permanent personal problems. Psychosocial support is based on the real needs of persons with disabilities, and their families.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 5 Professional help (defectologist, psychologist, social worker, lawyer ...) Is realized through organization of working meetings of experts and users of services and concrete actions on the field (home visits). The approach is multidimensional and multidisciplinary. Support methods are: information (briefing), counseling and treatment. 2.Personal assistance to persons with disabilities Personal assistance is a specific type of support and assistance to a person with disability in carrying out activities of everyday life. The goal of personal assistance is: - creating conditions for higher level of social participation of persons with disabilities (social integration and inclusion) - prevention of institutionalization, and - higher quality of life of a person with disabilities. It is about support for people with low level of social participation, that is, about persons who are excluded from the program of social integration and inclusion because of their disabilities, prejudices and barriers, left to themselves and their families. These people have a problem to actively participate in everyday life activities and to participate in the community in the way they would like or in the way that the remaining abilities allow them. Personal assistance allows for these people access to resources in community, public services and services such as education, health, protection, employment, culture, sport, etc. Personal assistance is just one form of support for people with disability, whose existence does not exclude other forms institutional and/or non-institutional support. The theoretical basis of our personal assistance concept is: - social model of disability - Biopsychosocial approach to people with disabilities - realized projects and action research - Practical experience (both positive and negative)

Establishing a psyhosocial support service and personal assistance 6 Our research and projects have shown that when planning and providing personal assistance service one need to have some flexibility. This flexibility relates to different user profiles, service types, and levels of support provided. Children and adults have different approaches and support programs (corresponding to their age, needs and interest). At the same time, the fact is that in different communities people can have different needs and expectations of personal assistance. This flexibility is taken in consideration in the financial and regulatory procedures of the service too. Disability classification systems are being modernized, criteria that define needs and the right to a service also change. In our approach, the emphasis is on the level of support needed and not in relation to the type of disability. Types of personal assistance In relation to age: - personal assistance to children - personal assistance to adults - personal assistance to the elderly In relation to the place: - personal assistance in the house - personal assistance to the social care institution - personal assistance at school - personal assistance at work - personal assistance in health care institutions - personal assistance in public services, etc. In relation to the type of disability: - personal assistance to persons with motor disorders - personal assistance to people with intellectual disabilities - personal assistance to persons with sensory disorders

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance7 Regarding the content: - physical support and help - cognitive support and help - psychosocial support and help In relation to time: - daily support and help - occasional support and assistance - temporary support and assistance Principles in Personal Assistance: - comprehensiveness - timeliness - continuity - teamwork Personal Assistance Phases: - getting to know a personal assistant with a specific task - getting to know a personal assistant and a service user - contracting the time and frequency of service provision - the development of a trust relationship - psychosocial support and personal assistance - evaluation of the quality of the service provided Approaches to work: - individual - progressive - active - using remaining skills The level of aid: - concrete help - support (assistance) - observation (supervision)

8 Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance Participation of users of services: - define their needs (survey, interview) - select services and determine the time and place of use of the service - select the personal assistant - participate in the preparation of protocols and worksheets (contracting services) - Assessment of satisfaction with the service received Personal assistance is provided by a personal assistant - especially educated person, which possesses appropriate knowledge, skills and techniques. The weight of the problem of persons with disabilities and the specificity of personal assistance services require high moral, professional and well-trained persons for personal assistance. Different needs and opportunities of persons with disabilities require individual access to each assessment and determining the degree of vulnerability, setting priorities and planning support and assistance. Numerous surveys, interviews, user assessments, serve to create a personal assistance protocol. These protocols clearly define: the type and level of necessary assistance and personal assistance, the time frame and determine the priorities in the work. Conducting protocols and worksheets, as well as continuous professional supervision, allow at all times control of the quality of services provided. In recent years, personal assistance to persons with disabilities in Serbia have provided numerous local organizations as a "condition for the independent life of a person with disability". By lobbying these organizations, the Social Welfare Act included personal assistance in support services for independent living. Such a classification of personal assistance services have no professional or practical confirmation, because personal assistance implies concrete assistance and support for a person with a disability in social participation, and not in the development of competencies that will lead to independent life. Another problem is the way these organizations performed the selection and education of personal assistants. It is difficult to adopt all the knowledge and master the skills and techniques needed by the personal service provider assistance, in only a few days of education, especially in the case of candidates with a completed elementary school. As a result of lobbying, not professional recommendations, in some by-laws and the rules of local self-government it is envisaged that personal assistance can be provided by persons with basic and/or a high school that has undergone some form of accredited training. Therefore, it is lobbying that personal assistants do not need the special training, although their task is to provide assistance and support to people whose condition and needs require high professional and moral qualities.

9 Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance Unfortunately, in the Republic of Serbia, it is possible to gain the competence of the personal assistant on the basis of a few days seminar, organized by non-governmental organizations that are not professional associations. To anyone who is reasonable, it is completely clear that competencies can t be quickly and easily acquired and/or expanded. An even bigger problem is with the candidates (future providers of personal assistance services). In such a short time, they need to develop empathy and professional dedication. Adding the complexity and weight of work, small and irregular financial compensation, the inability to progress and the lack of professional support during work, then it is easy to explain the bad experiences from the practice of persons with disabilities and so-called personal assistants. Problems encountered by providers and users of personal assistance services, do not come from the lack of humanity and the nobility of personal assistants, but rather from objective circumstances and, lack of specific knowledge and skills required for providers of these services. It is necessary to define the standards of quality of personal assistance services considering the results of action research and professional recommendations and not in line with the lobbying of individual organizations and their personal ambitions and interests. 3. Educating the service provider for people with disabilities Two factors require permanent training for people with disabilities: First, technological advances (scientific and professional) that change the way in which Services are provided and require new and specific skills. If training is not provided, there will be obstacles that make job difficult. Secondly, changing the paradigm from a medical approach in providing services to a rights- based approach to service delivery also requires a change In the behavior of the service provider and doing the job, which can best be solved by training. The effects of our support service are not measured only by the number of service users. The scope and quality of services provided are also important.

10 Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance The education of service providers and the introduction of new content have a direct impact on the quality of services provided. In this context, the innovation of practice and the permanent education of service providers become priorities of the Koloseum service. The Service Koloseum organizes training and expert support to new service providers before entering the job and during the work itself. 3.1. Education of personal assistants Service Koloseum provides training of personal assistants in several phases. In order for the educational process to be successful and that the candidate will realistically perceive their potentials and needs of the personal assistant, it is necessary to actively participate in all stages of education. 1. Professional orientation means the process of assisting candidates in the choice of a career assistant. This phase includes: (1) informing the candidate (providing objective information on occupation), (2) assessment of candidates (giving expert courts to candidates on their attitudes and benefits for dealing with this type of work), and (3) counseling a candidate (recommending occupation and helping a candidate to exercise his / her choice). Informing the candidates consists of organized provision of various data and information to candidates regarding the choice of occupation and employment. The information process is included in the overall education process so that candidates can integrate education with future work and properly shape the identity of a future occupation. Our experience indicates that one of the causes of unsuccessful education is the insufficient or wrong information of the candidates. The results of our research indicate different ways of informing the candidates for personal assistants: through an informative interview (40), through interviews with people with disabilities (37), visiting NGOs and organizations of people with disabilities (29), listening to certain lectures (24), Through various publications (16) and others (television, radio, press) (20)).

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 11 The assessment of candidatesaims to gather information on functional potentials, abilities, previous knowledge and skills for candidates. They also have information about the limitations and aspects in which they can report difficulties during the course of education. In practice, it often happens that self-evaluation of candidates is not correspondence assessed by experts. Our experience indicates that they are candidates for personal assistants are often uncritical towards their potentials and attributes necessary for personal assistance. Due to lack of experience and unrealistic expectations in this domain, candidates often perceive themselves as a person with an adequate level of ability and knowledge. Differences in expert and candidate assessments can be significant the consequences for the implementation of education should be paid special attention. The candidate's counselingis a phase in which the success of the adaptation is monitored and motivation of the candidates, it is checked whether the occupation is adequate to the candidate. The justification of this phase stems from several facts: first, checking whether occupation corresponds to the abilities, capabilities and character of a person. Expert judgment expresses high probability, but not absolute security for success in a counseling profession. It is therefore necessary to follow and control the success of candidates during the course of work training check in to what extent was the advice correct, whether the set forecast was achieved in the which measure; second, if it is determined that the profession fits the candidate, further evaluation and control of success can determine the specific needs for individualization of education; thirdly, to determine errors and omissions in the previous ones phases. 2. Training a candidate for a personal assistant This phase of education for the candidate for a personal assistant relates to acquiring knowledge, skills and techniques necessary for the successful performance of tasks and tasks in personal assistance. The process of training a personal assistant is realized synchronously acting in theoretical and practical part of education. The training of a candidate for a personal assistant is carried out through educational workshops, practical training and independent work.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 12 Educational workshopslast 2 hours and are realized twice a week or rather 8 times during the month or 24 times during the course of work training. Groups are formed on the basis of the level and type of previously acquired education. The program is designed so that it can be applied to people who have different ones Levels of education. The themes are made very flexible and sorted hierarchically so that educators can adapt information according to their abilities for studying. Practical traininginvolves specific exercise and training of planned activities with continuous supervision of the work instructor. Practical classes last 3 hours during the day and is organized three times during the week or 12 times during the month. Approximately 36 times during training. The practice follows the educational content workshop. Groups have up to 5 participants. Independent workis organized after completion of education and practical training after 3 months of education. Independent work (working practice) implies the application of acquired knowledge and skills in a specific job and task. The work instructor (mentor) performs constant observation and evaluation of the candidate's behavior during this phase of work training. Independent work lasts 4 hours daily, and is organized 5 days a week or 20 days a month or 60 days during the duration of work training. Checking the skillsfor independent work is done within 6 months of training realization and is based on data: observations, evaluations and practical demonstrations. Students who successfully master the program , adopts the foreseen skills and knowledge for certain work operations receive a certificate (certificate) of work skills. Training program for candidates for personal assistants The training program for the candidate for a personal assistant is structured through several areas. The first group consists of content that has the function of expanding knowledge about the general characteristics of persons with disabilities. The following are the items that they have for the goal of developing prosocially behavior and social skills. Then, the contents and the themes which develop basic skills and techniques of work in personal assistance and provide basic information on assistive technology. Next, follow the contents of the program which familiarize candidates with workplace, occupational safety measures, basic ones rights, obligations and procedures in personal assistance. Through all thematic the field of candidates develops a proper attitude towards work, respect technological disciplines and the creation of basic habits of personal and collective hygiene.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance13 The practical training of the candidate is realized in: A) simultaneous working conditions (workshops at the Service Koloseum) B) Protected working conditions (rehabilitation clinic "Dr. Miroslav Zotovi '') C) general conditions - natural working environment (home for accommodation persons with disabilities and / or homes of future users of services) In the first phase, practical training is organized in the form of workshops in which they are simulated working conditions and activities of various tasks in the field of personal assistance. With professional help, the overall work process is explained in detail. Video presentations allow candidates to visually and audibly experience conditions and processes of the work of a personal assistant. The convenience of this approach is what allows stopping or repeating parts that are interesting or which are not well understood, as many times as the candidate is needed. By givinganswering the simplified questions, candidates show what they like or not for the offered jobs. It's been noted that candidates want to avoid certain jobs and often at this stage of education give up their intention to deal with them personal assistance. The second phase of practical training is a model of training through work in real work conditions. This mode of training proved to be very successful, because among other things it allows: - permanent correlation of learning and practice -personal experience in work (acquiring competence in the work environment) -observation and more functional assessment of candidate potential -proper understanding of the role and importance of the job

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 14 For each task group, instructions are given and the required knowledge, skills are given and techniques to learn. Work instructor - plans work tasks. Flexibility of volume and number of hours in realization of program contents Is necessary because of the heterogeneity of a group of candidates applying for personal assistants. In preparation of practical training, the work instructor relies on analysis of the work assignment. Analysis of a work assignment is a technical procedure that determines what kind of tasks and procedures work consists, in what conditions the work is done, which is the frequency and duration of certain physical activities (lifting, wearing, sitting, standing, climbing, etc.), level of social interaction, stress, etc. In practical training, the following methods are used: The global methodconsists of practicing the entire work as a whole. The advantage of this method is that all work operations are connected immediately to continent, so it positively affects the motivation and interest of the candidates. Negative the other method is that many jobs are complex and training can not be done to perform at once. Therefore, the work is often disassembled into parts that are successive overcome. Then a partial method is used. A partial methodis that the complex work is divided into such parts which will be integrated as a whole after training. The disadvantage of this distortion is that there is no link between the parts, so when it eventually needs to be connected as a whole, it can be forgotten either bad connections between parts. Therefore, the adoption of the whole phase is slow and difficult. In complex work, a progressive method is recommended. The progressive methodis a combination of global and partial methods. By applying this method, complex activity is disassembled into such parts which represent the whole. After that, the training of individual parts begins which are interconnected. When overcoming the underlying difficulties in connecting two continents, proceed to practice the next and so on until it is joined together synthesize all parts of a complex activity.

15 Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance Monitoring and evaluation of basic knowledge, skills and techniques adopted using the Individual Protocols. The individual candidate protocol is administered by a work instructor. The protocol contains aspects for observation and evaluation ability of the candidate, level of program content, preferences and interests and on the basis of which the opinion of the candidate is proposed and proposed (Social skills, motivation for work (attention, concentration, persistence at work task, tolerance towards frustration), work discipline (regularity attending education, orientation in time and space, social competences, attitude towards work, hygienic habits), attitude towards helpers, work instructor, other candidates, special observations of instructors (emotional, disorders, behavioral disorders, changes in health status etc.). Final assessment - a proposal for issuing certificates 1) Qualified to perform all operations independently - is sent for a job Personal assistant. 2) Qualified for performing work operations under special conditions (with support) - refers to additional education (gets a certificate with the adopted work operations). 3) He did not show satisfactory success - he is instructed to repeat education (no labor trained for inclusion in personal assistance). If the candidate did not show satisfactory success in the course of education for certain reasons, it is instructed to repeat education. Reasons that led to failure must be justified (longer hospital treatment, poor adaptation to a ne environment, death or illness in the family, etc.) Dossier of the candidate for a personal assistant Forming the file satisfies the formal requirements for keeping pedagogical records but also a more successful professional observation during the course of education. The Dossier provides basic information about the candidate and its characteristics.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 16 . Contains: Mandatory documentation- birth certificate, testimony of completed school, medical certificate, opinion and proposal of the commission. Candidate admissionlist - general information (name, surname, place of birth, mother tongue, occupation and level of education, address of residence), personal history, family history (family structure, family relationships, material opportunities, housing conditions), special observations (educational potentials, degree of adoption of working habits, etc.). Personal candidate protocol - contains: general information (name, surname and nickname, contact telephone), heteroanamnesis (flow of education, success and behavior during education, negative habits, orientation in time and space ...). The coordinator observe the behavior of the candidate and assesses the academic opportunities (specific potentials and limitations, educational needs, opportunities verbal and non-verbal communication, social skills, working preference and habits, interests, leisure activities, as well as observations and changes during the education process). The personal protocol includes the results of testing (general and specific skills, attitudes ...) specific observations on the candidate (emotional and social maturity), general interests, observation data (physical appearance, type, contact, attention, verbalization, etc.). During the education, the coordinator introduces observations and changes on the candidate, monitor the flow and success of adaptation to the work environment, as well as notes and opinions on Individual work. The information obtained represents the information base for further monitoring of the candidate. Support system for personal assistants Evaluation during training is overlapping with the phase - employment. She aims to help the candidate overcome the problems and obstacles that they have can occur during secondary transitions. The service does not cancel the connection with the candidate by the end of the education, but still follows his success in work. Tracking starts immediately after the job, because it is believes that the first few months critical for the adaptation.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 17 The frequency of monitoring and the degree of support is conditioned by personal needs and adaptive skills of a personal assistant. Estimates are made through direct observation of workplace activities. Based on the identified factors, we can find out whether the barriers are achieving success in the work related to the influence of external factors (lack of support, unmanaged education programs (training), etc.) or internal factors (self-esteem, problem solving skills, family situation, life goals, etc.). 4. Education of users of psychosocial support services and personal assistance. Education in the field: - self-perception of abilities and limitations - readiness to change lifestyle - personal priorities and expectations of psychosocial support and personal assistance 5. Development of standards and quality of services for people with disabilities -quality education of service providers - good organization and coordination of the work of the Service (planning, flow activity writing, action research, evaluation) -timely resolution of conflict situations Quality Indicators: - subjective (developed on the basis of customer service satisfaction) - objective (training provider level) -organizational (transparency, responsibility and efficiency of the Service) Internal Regulatory Procedures Coliseum Service: - service provider protocols - code of conduct of the service provider - lists of Koloseum Service - the reception protocol of service users - Surveys for evaluating the quality of services provided - procedures in case of user complaints and conflict situations - operational database.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 18 User Needs Assessment: The service promotes a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to needs assessment users, encourages individual planning and participation of users and their families. Customer service needs assessment is individual-oriented and tailored to the context. The user receives a recommendation of affordable services and expert advice, which responds to the specific needs of the user. The emphasis is on priority of need and quality of service, not quantity a favor. Users choose the services, the level of support required, and determine the time and place of use services. The coordinator evaluates the needs of the users of services, organizes the provision service and service users to evaluate the quality of services provided. Support to service providers and users: - support to service providers (quality training, work protocols, by handle at the workplace). The coordinator is in charge of providing handles in the workplace. - support for service users, empowering users of services in the definition The need and priority setting and the evaluation of the services provided (Estimating the level of satisfaction with the service provided). It's a coordinator In charge of providing support to service users. He is engaged in the solution complaints and conflict situations. 6. General Characteristics of Service Koloseum - Services of the Koloseum Service are directed to the user of the service - based on a comprehensive assessment of the needs of service users - provided by trained and competent psychosocial therapists and personal assistants, with a strong empathy and a professional attitude devotion - available 24 hours to all users, regardless of age, type and the degree of support and assistance needed - service users select services, determine the level of support needed, and determine the time and place of use of the service. The user is able to accept or deny service. Also, the user can at any time and for any reason to cancel the service - the relationship with the users of services is based on the basic rights people with disabilities - most services are purchased or contracted on behalf of the user -the type of service, the duration of assistance or support, and the level provided by handles are the basic parameters for determining the price of services

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 19 7. Financing personal assistance services for people with disabilities - local self-government through the public procurement procedure - direct payments, cash payments paid to service users Instead of personal assistance services - through projects 8. Collection of disability data Collection of disability data and data on persons with disabilities Is a very important activity of the Koloseum service. Planning resources and priorities requires information on the number and structure persons with disabilities and their living conditions in the community. On the other hand, there is a need to gather data on providers services for people with disabilities (a service provider register is created Koloseum). Information on existing services, service providers, rights to benefits, and general user rights are accessible to all persons with disabilities. Users of the service has the ability to access the necessary information. The access procedure is simple and effective (readable format, Braille letter ...). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used as a basic framework for the development of our database.

Establishing a psyhosocial supposrt service and personal assistance 20 Conclusion Through its pilot projects, the Koloseum Service developed a methodology for the organization and operation of services for psychosocial support and personal assistance to persons with disabilities and their families. He defined the system of psychosocial support services and personal assistance, structured a training program for personal assistants, and developed indicators and service quality standards based on action research. The organization of the Coliseum Service is in line with the modern concept of social protection for persons with disabilities and as such is in practice operative and economically justified. There is great interest and motivation of candidates for training and providing support to persons with disabilities. Also, there is a great interest of people with disabilities to use the services of psychosocial support service and personal assistance. A large number of experts, local government executives and donors have provided financial and declarative support to this program. Our concept of the Psychosocial Support Service and Personal Assistance does not exclude existing institutional forms of social support for people with disabilities. It provides a service for people with disabilities who want to achieve a higher level of social participation, whether they are within the family or are accommodated in another institution. The Koloseum Service provides a system of services that do not exist in existing institutions or are inaccessible to certain people with disabilities. Incorporating these services into the legal framework to ensure the official recognition of the status of services and the Service is a phase that requires and requires lobbying and capacity building at all levels. The ongoing reform of the social protection of persons with disabilities is aimed at improving and implementing new services and facilities for people with disabilities, which creates realistic assumptions for the implementation of these programs in everyday practice. Numerous studies in the world have shown that social participation and quality of life are in direct correlation. The confirmation of this paradigm was obtained in our projects.

26 Uspostavljanje servisa za psihosocijalnu podr ku i personalnu asistenciju Literature: 1. Socijalnaparticipacijaosobasainvaliditetom.Beograd:Dru tvodefektolo- ga Srbije. Monografija, 261 strana. ISBN 978-86-84765-31-6, [COBISS.SR-ID 189265164]. 2. Rapai ,D., Nedovi ,G. (2011). Cerebralna paraliza: praksi ke i kognitivne funkcije. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet za specijalnu edukacijui rehabilitaciju, CIDD. Monografija, 161 strana. ISBN 978-86-6203- 014-6, [COBISS.SR-ID184736524]. 3. Nedovi ,G., Odovi ,G., Rapai ,D. (2010). Razvoj socijalnih ve ti- na kod osoba sa smetnjama u razvoju. Beograd: Dru tvo defektologa Sr- bije. Monografija, 158 strana. ISBN 174341900]. Nedovi ,G., Rapai ,D., Odovi ,G., Poti ,S., Mili evi ,M. (2012). 978-86-84765-28-6, [COBISS.SR-ID

PROJECT Training for launching and developing services for personal assistants and info centers in the cities of Serbia Thank to Ministry of labour, employment and social policy for support