Evidence in Recent Icelandic Reform Policy
Recent Icelandic reform policy highlights the role of OECD in shaping educational quality reforms from 2008 to 2018. The policy emphasizes quality evaluation, formative testing, parental choices, competency-based curriculum, inclusive schooling, and decentralization. Key events and documents, along with the involvement of political figures, contribute to the ongoing evolution of education in Iceland.
Uploaded on Mar 02, 2025 | 0 Views
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
What counts as evidence in What counts as evidence in recent Icelandic reform policy? recent Icelandic reform policy? The role of The role of OECD OECD Berglind R s Magn sd ttir, brm@hi.is; University of Iceland J n Torfi J nasson, jtj@hi.is; University of Iceland NERA 2019 - Uppsala Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Aims (2008-2018) Educational Quality Reform (EQR) starting with a comprehensive Education Act for all school levels in 2008 (fundamental school reform) and a follow-up incremental school reform in 2014; emphasizing quality evaluation, formative testing, parental choices and practices, competency based curriculum, inclusive schooling and equity, and decentralization) Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
YEAR 2008 CRITICAL EVENTS AND DOCUMENTS Fundamental School Reform for all school levels Act of Compulsory Education (2008) The Financial Crash National Curriculum Guides for Compulsory Schooling: Emphasis on 1) Literacy, 2) Creativity, 3) Health and Welfare, 4) Education for Sustainability, 5) Equality, 6) Democracy and Human Rights. Backlash in PISA 2012 (Negative discourse on the quality of the Icelandic compulsory school shaped by the Minister and Iceland Chamber of Commerce) Follow-up Incremental School Reform WP: White Paper on Education Reform. Main focus on increasing literacy proficiency, teacher effectiveness and decreasing dropout rates (equity issues) Education Act (2015) on New Directorate of Evaluation and Curriculum Materials Ministry of Ed (2014). Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools Country Background Policy agreement on School for All Report on School for all (2017). European Agency report commissioned by the government underpinning a major policy action which is ongoing, run by a task force. MINISTER / POLITICAL PARTY orger ur K Gunnarsd ttir Independence Party OCT 2008 2011/ 2013 Katr n Jakobsd ttir Left-Green Movement 2013 Illugi Gunnarsson 2014 Illugi Gunnarsson Independence Party 2015 Illugi Gunnarsson Independence Party 2017 (10 MONTHS) Kristj n r J l usson Independence Party 2018- Lilja Alfre sd ttir Progressive Party Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Research Questions: How did Icelandic government draw on regional and/or international knowledge in the policy formulation of the White Paper 2014? What counts as evidence and expertise according to bibliographical and citational analysis of the White Paper of 2014 Who are the main knowledge providers and what kind of knowledge is interpreted, adapted or recontextualized in terms of a) values, b) numerical data and c) policy advice 47 pages 19000 words 33 References that 90% of all students reach basic PISA standards in reading/literacy that the percentage of students who graduate from upper secondary school on time will rise of about 15% Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
References in the References in the White Paper (2014) by White Paper (2014) by a author, place and publisher uthor, place and publisher Publication year 2012 2011 2013 2008 2008 2008 2008 2011/2013 2011/2015 2011 2013 2013 2013/2014 2014 2012 2012 1903 2012 2012 2007 2012 2013 2013 2013 2012 2011 2008 2005 2005 2005 2012 2007 2012 Title Social Determinants of Health and Well-Being among Young People. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study Teaching Reading in Europe: Contexts, Policies and Practices The New Pedagogy: Students and Teachers as Learning Partners. Learning Landscapes L g um leiksk la L g um framhaldssk la L g um grunnsk la L g um menntun og r ningu kennara og sk lastj rnenda vi leiksk la, grunnsk la og framhaldssk la A aln mskr grunnsk la A aln mskr framhaldssk la A aln mskr leiksk la Reducing early school leaving - key messages and policy support: Final report of the thematic working group on early school leaving Education at a Glance2013: OECD Indicators The Structure of the European Education System Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know OECD: PISA Surveys 2000-2012 - Educational Testing Institute L menntun Professional Capital: Transforming Teaching in Every School The Global Fourth Way: The Quest for Educational Excellence How the World's Best-performing School Systems Come Out on Top Charting a Growth Path for Iceland Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills OECD Economic Surveys: Iceland 2013 OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training a Skills Beyond School Commentary on Iceland OECD-Iceland Improving Schools Review. Preventing Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Iceland Germany: Once Weak International Standing Prompts Strong Nationwide Reforms for Rapid Improvement OECD Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systemic Innovation: Country Case Study Report on Iceland The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies Executive Summary Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers - Final Report: Teachers Matter ttekt ranns knum svi i mennta- og fr slum la. Lokask rsla System-wide Improvement in Education Secondary School Reform in Ontario and the Role of Research, Evaluation and Indicator Data Teaching Practices and Pedagogical Innovation. Evidence from TALIS Author 1 Currie, Candace, eet al Eurydice Fullan, M Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture European Commission OECD Eurydice Ministry of Education, Science and Culture OECD OECD Gu mundur Finnbogason Hargreaves, A, et al Hargreaves, A, et al McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD RANN S Levin, B Place of publication Publisher Denmark Europe Canada Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Europe Europe Europe Iceland Transnational Transnational Iceland USA USA USA USA Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Iceland Transnational Canada Transnational WHO Regional Office for Europ European Commission, Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) Learning Landscapes Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture European Commission OECD Eurydice Ministry of Education, Science and Culture OECD OECD Ranns knarstofnun Kennarah sk la slands Teachers' College Press Corwin, SAGE company McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD RANN S UNESCO/IIEP Ontario Ministry of Education OECD Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison Zegarac, G, et al Vieluf, S 3/2/2025
References in the References in the White Paper (2014) by White Paper (2014) by a author, place and publisher uthor, place and publisher Publication year 2012 2011 2013 2008 2008 2008 2008 2011/2013 2011/2015 2011 2013 2013 2013/2014 2014 2012 2012 1903 2012 2012 2007 2012 2013 2013 2013 2012 2011 2008 2005 2005 2005 2012 2007 2012 Title Social Determinants of Health and Well-Being among Young People. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study Teaching Reading in Europe: Contexts, Policies and Practices The New Pedagogy: Students and Teachers as Learning Partners. Learning Landscapes L g um leiksk la L g um framhaldssk la L g um grunnsk la L g um menntun og r ningu kennara og sk lastj rnenda vi leiksk la, grunnsk la og framhaldssk la A aln mskr grunnsk la A aln mskr framhaldssk la A aln mskr leiksk la Reducing early school leaving - key messages and policy support: Final report of the thematic working group on early school leaving Education at a Glance2013: OECD Indicators The Structure of the European Education System Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know OECD: PISA Surveys 2000-2012 - Educational Testing Institute L menntun Professional Capital: Transforming Teaching in Every School The Global Fourth Way: The Quest for Educational Excellence How the World's Best-performing School Systems Come Out on Top Charting a Growth Path for Iceland Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills OECD Economic Surveys: Iceland 2013 OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training a Skills Beyond School Commentary on Iceland OECD-Iceland Improving Schools Review. Preventing Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Iceland Germany: Once Weak International Standing Prompts Strong Nationwide Reforms for Rapid Improvement OECD Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systemic Innovation: Country Case Study Report on Iceland The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies Executive Summary Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers - Final Report: Teachers Matter ttekt ranns knum svi i mennta- og fr slum la. Lokask rsla System-wide Improvement in Education Secondary School Reform in Ontario and the Role of Research, Evaluation and Indicator Data Teaching Practices and Pedagogical Innovation. Evidence from TALIS Author 1 Currie, Candace, eet al Eurydice Fullan, M Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture European Commission OECD Eurydice Ministry of Education, Science and Culture OECD OECD Gu mundur Finnbogason Hargreaves, A, et al Hargreaves, A, et al McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD RANN S Levin, B Zegarac, G, et al Vieluf, S Place of publication Publisher Denmark Europe Canada Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Iceland Europe Europe Europe Iceland Transnational Transnational Iceland USA USA USA USA Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Transnational Iceland Transnational Canada Transnational WHO Regional Office for Europ European Commission, Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) Learning Landscapes Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Icelandic Parliament Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Ministry of Education, Science and Culture European Commission OECD Eurydice Ministry of Education, Science and Culture OECD OECD Ranns knarstofnun Kennarah sk la slands Teachers' College Press Corwin, SAGE company McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD OECD RANN S UNESCO/IIEP Ontario Ministry of Education OECD General information and recommendations from transnational organizations like OECD Case study-reports on Iceland from OECD Comparative surveys from transnational organizations like OECD (surveys like PISA, PiRls and Talis) Ideas from international think-tanks (like McKinsey), Comparative information from each country collected by European institutions like Eurydice and European Commission Policy borrowing from other states/nations like Ontario in Canada. Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Type of documents in WP2014 (N: 33) Type of documents in WP2014 (N: 33) Predominance of reports (2/3 or 67%) Predominance of reports (2/3 or 67%) Government issued Aca-demic article / book Reports 1 article 2 books 7 22 Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Location of publishers in the WP (2014): 33 Location of publishers in the WP (2014): 33 Predominance Predominance of of International References (72%) International References (72%) Almost half of the international REFs are OECD Almost half of the international REFs are OECD Domestic Nordic International 2 in the REF-list 7 in-text citations in laws, regulations and curriculum guides 0 24 references: 11 OECD publications 3 McKinsey 4 (European instit.) 6 others Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
WP (2014) References in OECD Documents National OECD Policy Knowledge OECD 2008 Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systemic Innovation: Country Case Study Report on Iceland OECD (2012) Iceland Improving Schools Review. Preventing Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Iceland OECD (2013c) Reviews of Vocational Education and Training a Skills Beyond School Commentary on Iceland OECD (2013b) Economic Surveys: Iceland 2013 TRANSLATION (Shared References/Knowledge) OECD (2013a) Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills OECD (2005b). Attracting , Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers Final Report: Teachers Matter OECD (2012) PISA 2012 Results in Focus OECD (2005a) The Definition and Selection of Key Competencis Executive Summary OECD (2011) Germany: Once Weak International Standing Prompts Strong Nationwide Reforms for Rapid Improvement OECD (2013d) Education at a glance International OECD Policy Knowledge Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
WP (2014) References in OECD Documents National OECD Policy Knowledge OECD 2008 Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systemic Innovation: Country Case Study Report on Iceland OECD (2012) Iceland Improving Schools Review. Preventing Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Iceland OECD (2013c) Reviews of Vocational Education and Training a Skills Beyond School Commentary on Iceland OECD (2013b) Economic Surveys: Iceland 2013 TRANSLATION (Shared References/Knowledge) OECD (2013a) Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills OECD (2005b). Attracting , Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers Final Report: Teachers Matter OECD (2012) PISA 2012 Results in Focus OECD (2005a) The Definition and Selection of Key Competencis Executive Summary OECD (2011) Germany: Once Weak International Standing Prompts Strong Nationwide Reforms for Rapid Improvement OECD (2013d) Education at a glance International OECD Policy Knowledge Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
WP (2014) References in OECD Documents OECD 2008 Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systemic Innovation: Country Case Study Report on Iceland OECD (2013c) Reviews of Vocational Education and Training a Skills Beyond School Commentary on Iceland Location Type of document Location Type of document Domestic Nordic European Internation al Canada USA 5 0 0 Report Book Acad. article Government issued Academia Other Unspecified 31 0 1 Domestic Nordic European 2 2 0 Report Book Academic article 4 7 2 Internation al Canada USA 9 Government issued Academia Other Unspecified 0 27 0 0 0 0 32 Total 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 13 Total 0 0 0 0 13 Total Total
Analysis of Citations in the 11 OECD reports Of the 47 pages in the WP2014 OECD (66 times) or PISA (52 times) is mentioned in 40 pages (analysed by Atlas.ti) Content analysis of the citations Numerical data Values/frameworks Policy Advice Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Conclusion References in the white paper 2014 Predominance of reports (72%) Predominance of international references (67%) Thereof the half is OECD No Icelandic Academic references (except one from the year 1903 ) No Nordic references The OECD National Reports on Education in Iceland (2) are more national than the White Paper (2014) in terms of using Icelandic references Citations of OECD in the White Paper 2014 are a mix of values/conceptual framework, numerical data and advice but the numerical data are the dominant form of knowledge that lead the advice given for the Icelandic policy. Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
Discussion Among the methodological issues we are grappling with is the problem of attribution, both because of the dearth of Icelandic references but simultaneously because of mediated or indirect influences of the external agencies through the Icelandic agents. Symposium: Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison 3/2/2025
