Example queries for Federated search
This content presents example queries and discussions from the CLARIN Federated Search Workshop in Copenhagen. It covers linguistic problems, inflection of adjectives, comparative linguistic research, and broadening the empirical base through annotated corpora, text databases, and dictionaries. The workshop also delves into federated search methodologies using a set of selected resources with local search engines and federated search engines to aggregate results.
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Example queries for Federated search Jan Odijk CLARIN Federated Search Workshop Copenhagen, 24 Apr 2013 1
Overview Linguistic Problem Federated Search Structural Differences Search in Lexicons Search In Corpora Corpora+Lexicon search Iterative Corpus Search Search in micro-comparative databases? 2
Linguistic Problem Inflection of attributively used adjectives Influence of number, gender, case, definiteness (strong/weak inflection), other factors? Exceptions to the main rules such as het bijvoeglijk(?e) naamwoord, lit. the adjectival noun, the adjective het medisch(*e) onderzoek `the medical research de medisch(*e) onderzoeker `the medical researcher Een competent(e) lingu st Where e suffix is predicted as the only option by the main rules The exceptions are not (all) arbitrary, there are further subregularities: I want to find out what these are. There are similar phenomena in many languages (Germanic, Romance, e.g. Brasilian Portuguese Menuzzi 1994, ..) 3
Linguistic Problem [Odijk 1992] J. Odijk. Uninflected Adjectives in Dutch. In R. Bok-Bennema & R. van Hout, Linguistics in the Netherlands1992, pp.197-208. Amsterdam: Benjamins Odijk, J. (2012). De structuur van Phrasal Names. Nederlandse Taalkunde, 17(2), 292-298. Odijk, J. (2013), Comparative Linguistic Research in the CLARIN Infrastructure, presentation to be held at the Patterns of Macro- and Micro-Diversity in the Languages of Europe and the Middle East. Computational Issues in Studying Language Diversity: Storage, Analysis and Inference , Groningen, July 2013. 4
Broaden empirical Base I want to search 1. For relevant examples in large annotated text corpora 2. For related examples in large text corpora selected on the basis of the results of (1) 3. For relevant examples is microcomparative databases (e.g. MIMORE) 4. For properties of relevant words in dictionaries 5. For synonyms/hyperonyms/hyponyms in semantic lexical databases (e.g. CORNETTO) 5
Federated Search A set of resources R has been selected by the researcher on the basis of metadata. The resources of R can be in different locations A Federated Search Engine (FSE) enables search in the resources in R For each resource r in R there is a local search engine LSE_r A query can be formulated in an agreed-upon query language (SRU/CQL),e.g. via a Federates Search web application: q_fs Q_fs uses ISOCAT DCs Q_fs is sent to the LSE_r for each r in R, and translated there into the query language needed for LSE_r and into the DCs used in r Each LSE_r yields a result set for q_fs, in which it translates DCs used into ISOCAT_DCs , and sends to FSE, which combines/aggregates them and prepares them for presentation to /saving by the user, possibly via the Federated Search web application 6
Federated Search For many resource formats used in NL there is NOT yet a systematic mapping of their DCs to ISOCAT DCs, e.g. TEI, CGN-format, Folia, EAF, GTB, WordNet, CELEX, Praat, A special project should be started up for this Nationally for national formats (CGN, Folia, ) Internationally for generic formats (TEI, CELEX, Wordnet, ) 7
Structural Differences There are (sometimes trivial) structural differences between resources. Description of an occurrence of Dutch is : CGN VU-DNC/FoLiA <pw ref="fn000248.20.4" w="is" pos="WW(pv,tgw,ev)" lem="zijn" .... pq="man" /> <w xml:id="BAObi1.s.5.w.18"> <t>is</t> <lemma class="zijn"/> <pos class="WW(pv,tgw,ev)"> ... </pos> <t class="ocroutput">is</t> </w> 8
Structural Differences Do these two descriptions contain the same or overlapping information? ISOCAT alone will not help because there are differences in structure Will the LSE s deal with such structural differences? Or is something more general needed for this (and is this possible?) 9
Structural Differences CGN pw element means the same as Folia w element: CGN w attribute of pw means the same as Folia t element in w CGN pos attribute of pw means the same as Folia class attribute of element pos (part of speech property name) CGN lem attribute of pw means the same as FoLiA class attribute of element lemma (lemma property name) Values inside the CGN pos attribute of pw are identical to and mean the same as values inside Folia class attribute of element pos in element w (values from the CGN-tagset) 10
Search in Lexicons WFT-GTB: Give me entries with PoS=noun of which the headword ends in tsje GTB, CELEX, CGN-lexicon: Give me entries with PoS=noun and with the headword ending in tsje , together with the source (=GTB, CELEX, of CGN-lexicon) in which it was found. 11
Search in Lexicons Search in all resources where the language=nld For each resource with language=nld For each word in [ zeer , heel , erg ] with PoS=adj For each sense of the word For each synonym of the sense For each lemma of the synonym Return word, Pos, sense, synonym, lemma, synonym , resource.name And analogously with synonym replaced by immediate hyperonym And analogously with synomym replaced by hyponym (incl hyponyms of hyponyms) 12
Question Question: Will federated search somehow smartly `know (e.g. from the metadata) that it has to search in lexicons only, actually only in lexicons that contain synonym information? Or will it waist time and effort by searching in all text corpora and in lexicons that do not have synonym information? Or is a smart choice of resources to search in left to the user? Similarly: Search in CGN: Give me all utterances that contain the word zeer with PoS=ADJ spoken by a speaker with age<=7. (there are no speakers with age<=7 in CGN; will federated search smartly be able to see this from the metadata or will it waist time searching?) 13
Search in Corpora Search in CGN-corpus, VU-DNC, SONAR: Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: A wordtoken with PoS='definite_determiner', immediately followed by A wordtoken with PoS=adjective with vorm=zonder-e, immediately followed by A wordtoken with Pos=noun examples are 'het bijvoeglijk naamwoord', 'de gulden snede', 'het ingewikkelder probleem') lternative: just return the subsequence 14
Corpus+Lexicon search The same as in the preceding example but now the adjective should not end in two syllables that both contain a schwa (represented by a regular expression over the phonetic transcription) in its phonetic_transcription as found in the CGN- lexicon This excludes an example such as: 'het ingewikkelder probleem' 15
Corpus+Lexicon search a value for an additional attribute with as possible values eFormExists, eFormDoesNotExist, eFormExistenceUnknown. The value specifies whether it is true for the word with pos=adjective that a form with property vorm=met-e exists or, or not, or whether it is unknown whether such a form exists. 16
Corpus+Lexicon search let wv be the value of the attribute word of the wordtoken with properties Pos=adjective, vorm=zonder-e). Look up the entry/ies for wv for which PoS=adjective in the CGN-lexicon and/or CELEX- lexicon lexicon, and determine its lemma (=wl) if not found: result =eFormExistenceUnknown if found look up in CGN/Celex an entry with PoS=adjective-code and lemma=wl and vorm=met-e if found: result=EFormExists (e.g. (het) bijvoeglijk (naamwoord)) if not found: result= eFormDoesNotExist (e.g. ('de) gulden (snede)' This can be done in one very complicated query, or the queries might be put in a series where the results of the First query are filtered by the second query, etc. 17
Iterative Corpus Search Each result in of the previous query is (or contains) a sequence Det ADJ NOUN For each result found in the previous query, Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: A wordtoken with PoS='definite determiner', immediately followed by A wordtoken with PoS=adjective, with lemma=ADJ.lemma and with vorm=met-e, immediately followed by A wordtoken with Pos=noun with number=NOUN.number alternative: just return the subsequences 18
Search in MIMORE using the MIMORE search engine (MIMORE web app) Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: A wordtoken with PoS='definite_determiner', immediately followed by A wordtoken with PoS=adjective with vorm=zonder-e, immediately followed by A wordtoken with Pos=noun alternative: just return the subsequences 19
More Examples Odijk, J. (2011), "User Scenario Search", internal CLARIN-NL document, April 13, 2011. [docx] Odijk, J. (2011), "Linguistic Research in the CLARIN Infrastructure", presentation for the KNAW eHumanities Workshop, NIAS, Wassenaar, Mar 29, 2011 [ppt]. Abstract contained in eHumanities Brainstorm Booklet Odijk, J.E.J.M. (2012, October 23). Linguistic Research and the CLARIN Infrastructure. Utrecht, Digital Humanities Lecture. [ppt] 20
