Explanation Text: Structure, Features, and Analysis

Objectives: At the end of this unit, the students are expected to be able to: 1. mention the social function of explanation genre 2. Skim the general ideas through the generic structure of explanation 3. scan the specific ideas through the generic structure of explanation 4. identify conjunctions in explanations and use them in other explanations 5. identify the sentence structure commonly used in explanations and use them in other explanations; and 6. identify verbs and use them in other explanations.

Explanation Text adalah sebuah teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, soisal, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya. Sebuah Explanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan penulis terkait why dan how terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada. Tujuan kebahasaan dari Explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan.

Terdapat tiga bagian dalam struktur kebahasaan Explanation Text, yaitu: 1. A general statement Dalam general statement berisi tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya. 2. A squenced of explanation A squenced of explanation berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan why dan how penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragraf. 3. Closing Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text adalah closing, padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced of explanation.

Dalam sebuah explanation text, terdapat ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di bawah ini, yaitu: Menggunakan simpel present tense Menggunakan concrete noun (kata benda yg nampak) Menggunakan Passive voice Menggunakan Action verbs

Part A. Creating Atmosphere in movies Activity 1 : Pre-Reading Did you ever watch jaws ? 2. If yes, what was the movie about? 3. Did it scare you? 1.

Activity 2: While Reading 1. Now, read the text and match the words below to indicate synonyms.

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Frightening suggest succession unsettling composer menacing 1. 2. Creator 3. Advise 4. Upsetting 5. Sequence

Activity 3: Post-Reading What is the theme music in jaws like? 2. How does the composer use the music to create atmosphere in the movie? 3. What instrument produces growling sound? 1.

Match the causes of the atmosphere of jaws in Column A with the right paragraphs in Column B. One paragraph might be used more than once. B A 1. Low and deep sounds A. Paragraph 4 2. Altering pitches 3. Long sounds and silences B. Paragraph 3 4. Short and quick sounds C. Paragraph 2

1) Low and deep sounds frightening 2) Different pitches unsettling sounds 3) Long sounds and long silence 5) Dramatic Short and quick sounds 6) More dramatic c0mposer 4) Tuba growling instrument violins High pitch

First, he begins with such low, deep sounds that suggest something scary. When the movie becomes more dramatic the sounds become shorter and they are repeated in quick succession . As the excitement builds up, the sounds become louder and louder. The underline words show cause and effect or explain how things work. There are more conjunctions and other kinds of words that can be used to explain how things work as shown in the following.

because since as if when because the gases cool down, they become liquids. CONJUNCTIONS Because S V, SV SV because S V becauseof cooling down, the gases become liquids. Because of +NP because of As a result of as a consequence of on account of PREPOSITIONS lead to result in cause produce; etc heat makes the molecules more spaced out, so they can move about a bit. VERBS the effect of the result of the consequenceof; etc. the effect of plant maturation is that flower are formed. NOUN PHRASE

Now fill the following space the right choice. Because if make produce cause The concentrations of greenhouse gases are reported to increase substantially. Scientists believe that further increase may (1)cause excess warming of the earth s climate. Moreover, many scientists believe this warming could (2)produce side effects. An example is the changing of the earth s wind patterns. These wind patterns control the amount of rain received in a particural area. (3)because the greenhouse gases warm the earth s climate too much, areas that now receive plenty of rainfall could become deserts. Moreover, some scientists speculate that additional increase in warming could (4)make another

Effect, a rise in the ocean levels. How would this rise occur? An increase in global temperature would melt the polar oce caps, thus emptying more water into the oceans. Scientists also predict that (5) if oceans rise, which may be as high as 1 meter, flood reaches port and coastal lands

Activity 6: Passive Voice It is common to use passive structures in explanation text, especially when people interfere in the process. The passive structures are constructed with a form of the auxiliary be (e.g. Am, is, are, was, were, been, be) and the past participle of a main verb (e.g. Written, spoken, listened). Examples : Present Is Past Was Present perfect Has been IT revealed Past perfect Had been Future Will be Is going to be

It has been revealed since 1990 /for 15 years. It had been revealed when I told you yesterday. It was revealed in 1990. It is concluded that It was found that

This survey __ at investigating the effectiveness of the appraisal system in our company. (a) aimed 2. The survey __ last month. (c) was conducted 3. The data __ by means of a questionnaire survey and three focus group interviews. (b) were collected 4. In the questionnaire, respondents __ ten questions regarding the current appraisal system. (d) were asked 5. It __ that the respondents ere generally quite satisfied with the system, but about half of them wew that it should __ out less frequently. (c) was found; be carried 1.

6. In the focus group interviews, the respondents __ the opportunity to discuss the system openly (c) were given 7. Some respondents complained that the appraiser __ too little about them to give detailed and objective comments. (d) knew 8. The findings indicate that the rationale for conducting the appraisal exercise should __ more clearly to our staff (c) be explained

Consists (V) Is transformed (passive) S V, and a portion into an electric current. (appositive) S V because they replenish S V O because it triggers A circuit provides .and they rush down S V and S V Secondary battery cells merit One is well advised .

If I were you, I would invite him. If S + were , S would V0 Conditional sentence type 2 If I were a boy, I would go to police academy. If I were a girl, I would wear veil.