Exploring Dante's Inferno: Circles of Hell and Literary Devices
Delve into the depths of Dante's Inferno as Dante and Virgil navigate through the Fourth Circle of Hoarders and Wasters and the Fifth Circle of Wrathful and Sullen. Explore the symbolism of Plutus, the River Styx, and the moral messages encapsulated within these grim circles.
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Dantes Inferno Canto VII Maia Mast 1st Period
The Fourth Circle The Hoarders and the Wasters In the Fourth Circle, Dante and Virgil find the souls of those whose sin was to focus solely on money, which dimmed the light of God inside them. The two types of sinners, the hoarders and the wasters, each roll boulders around the circle, crashing into each other and yelling Why do you hoard? and the other Why do you waste? at each other. Because they only cared about and focused upon unimportant aspects of their lives, those material things that impacted and benefited them alone, ignoring the light of God, their souls are dimmed to the point that no one can recognize them.
The Fifth Circle The Wrathful and the Sullen In the fifth circle they find the souls of those who were wrathful and sullen in the River Styx. Those who were easily angered in life are condemned to fight in the slimy marsh of the river for all eternity. The sullen are kept beneath the surface of the sludge, because in life they did not let in the light of the sun, or the glory of God. Virgil shows Dante the souls of the wrathful in the Styx, Gustave Dore
Literary Devices Plutus, one of the demons of hell, attempts to stop Virgil and Dante on their journey. Plutus speech, Papa Sat n, Papa Sat n, aleppy, is meaningless in both Italian and English. Dante uses this word choice to portray the demons as being solely evil, and the clear reference to Satan shows their loyalty to serving the devil. Dante shows his lack of pity towards the sinners being punished in this circle by describing them as madmen and maniacs. He also calls them wraiths of greed, which for the first time shows his apathy towards those, as his heart hardens to the awful images of Hell.
The River Styx The inclusion of the River Styx is an allusion to a river by the same name from Greek Mythology. In the myths it is both the name of a deity and that of a river separating Earth and the Underworld, which is ruled by Hades. Dante uses the river to separate the sections of hell instead of being the entrance to hell, which is instead named Acheron. It separates the division of hell dedicated to the sins of Incontinence from the sins of Violence and Fraud. Virgil pushes Filippo Argenti back into the River Styx, Gustave Dore
Works Cited o Bianchetti, Stefano. Illustration from Dante's Inferno. Getty Images, 1 Aug. 2012, www.gettyimages.com/detail/news- divine-comedy-inferno-canto-7-virgil-shows-dante- photo/526242910. o Ciardi, John. Canto VII. The Inferno, by Dante Alighieri, Classics, 2009, pp. 51 58. o Dante, Inferno & Pluto. Historic Houston, Archival Press, 17 Aug. 2013, historichouston1836.com/dante-alighieri- planet-pluto-3/styx-charon-2/. o Geller. River Styx - Ancient Greek River and Deity. Mythology.net, 19 Dec. 2016, mythology.net/greek/greek- concepts/river-styx/. photo/the- the-news- Signet inferno-the-
