Exploring Various Types of Research Articles and Citation Styles

SMHP Research Academy SMHP Research Academy Research Training Series Research Training Series Module Seven Module Seven

The Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners The Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners Research Training Series Research Training Series Module Seven Module Seven Types of Research Articles Types of Research Articles Presented By: Dr. Melanie M. Tidman DHSc, MA, OTR/L, MHP 2

Research Training Video Modules Research Training Video Modules Module One Module One Preparing a Clinical Question for Investigation: What is a PICO(T) Preparing a Clinical Question for Investigation: What is a PICO(T) Module Two Module Two Reference Software and Reference Database Management Reference Software and Reference Database Management Module Three Module Three Study Design and Definition of Variables Study Design and Definition of Variables Module Four Module Four The Role of the IRB and Types of Review The Role of the IRB and Types of Review Module Five Module Five Evaluating the Quality of Research Articles Evaluating the Quality of Research Articles Module Six Module Six The Application of the PDSA Project Model The Application of the PDSA Project Model Module Seven Module Seven Types of Research Articles Types of Research Articles Module Eight Module Eight A Brief Review of R, SPSS and Python for Data Analysis A Brief Review of R, SPSS and Python for Data Analysis Module Nine Module Nine The Search for a Journal and Navigating the Author Guidelines The Search for a Journal and Navigating the Author Guidelines Module Ten Module Ten Preparing the Manuscript Preparing the Manuscript 3

Objectives Objectives Define different types of research articles. Define different types of research articles. Discuss examples of elements often seen in the Discuss examples of elements often seen in the publication of different types of research articles. publication of different types of research articles. Briefly review some of the different citation and Briefly review some of the different citation and referencing styles. referencing styles. Explore resources used to assist in writing research Explore resources used to assist in writing research articles. articles. 4

Types of Articles Types of Articles Original Research Article Review Article Clinical Case Study/Case Report Clinical Trial Perspective, Opinion, and Commentary Book or Article Review

Original Research Articles Original Research Articles Studies designed as original research: Classified as primary literature. Articles include a hypothesis, background study, methods, results, interpretation of findings, and a discussion. Results highlight trends and possible implications. Word limits ranging from 3000 to up to 12,000 words, per journal criteria. These types of articles require a significant investment of time (Majumder, 2015).

Review Articles Review Articles Review Articles include meta-analyses, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. Literature reviews: between 8000 to 40,000 words Systematic: usually less than 10,000 words Shorter reviews: around 3000-5000 words (Majumder, 2015). A constructive analysis of published literature on a topic within a specific field. The research is summarized, analyzed, and compared with other studies on the same topic. The goal of a Review Article is to identify specific gaps or problems with existing literature on a selected topic and provide future recommendations for the scope and focus of ongoing research efforts. Considered to be Secondary Literature Do not present new data from the author's experimental work.

Clinical Case Study/Case Report Articles Clinical Case Study/Case Report Articles Case Studies/Case Reports: Present the clinical details of patient cases in the field. Discusses the patient s background, presenting signs and symptoms, current diagnosis under investigation, and an intervention for a disease or health condition. Considered Primary Literature Word count of 3000-6000 words (Majumder, 2015).

Clinical Trial Articles Clinical Trial Articles Specific to the field addressed in the study and describes: The Study Design Intervention Methodology Used Results of Controlled Studies (i.e., RCTs). Typically 3000-6000 words. Require a background in the field Adhere to high ethical standards. More useful for experienced researchers (Majumder, 2015).

Perspective, Opinion, or Commentary Articles Perspective, Opinion, or Commentary Articles Perspective Articles: Scholarly literature reviews of theories or ideas in a field. They include an essay that presents a subject matter expert s critique of approaches. A perspective piece can review a single concept or a few related concepts. These articles are considered to be secondary literature( up to 2000 words). Opinion Articles: Provides a viewpoint on the analysis, interpretation of data, or study design methods used in a particular study. The author comments on the strengths and weaknesses of a presented theory or hypothesis. Constructive criticism backed by evidence. Commentary Articles: 1000-1,500 words, critiques of previously published articles, books, or reports highlight areas of interest and potential applications (Majumder, 2015).

Book or Article Review Book or Article Review A good option for new or novice researchers. Provides insight and opinions on recently published scholarly books. Short articles, less time-consuming, publisher provides the format. Allows researchers to stay informed about new literature in the field and add to his/her publication list (Majumder, 2015).

Website Helpful Resources Website Helpful Resources Editage.com Writing Aids for the Novice Researcher https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-writing-an-original-research-article https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-writing-a-literature-review https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-a-systematic-review

Website Helpful Resources CONTD Website Helpful Resources CONT D https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-writing-a-clinical-case-report https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-a-clinical-trial https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers- guide-to-perspective-commentary-and-opinion-articles

Understanding the Style and Formatting: Understanding the Style and Formatting: A Brief Review A Brief Review APA - Often used in Social Science Literature- references are in alphabetical order with citations containing author last names and year of publication MLA - Modern Language Association Style- used in Arts and humanities publications, references in alphabetical order AMA - American Medical Association Style- used in medical or scientific articles with citations and references in numerical order Journal Specific Style Many journals have their own styles, including the Vancouver style, which resembles the AMA style for citations and references.

Summary Summary The different types of research articles are Original The different types of research articles are Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Clinical Case Research Articles, Review Articles, Clinical Case Study/Case Reports, Clinical Trials, Perspective, Opinion, Study/Case Reports, Clinical Trials, Perspective, Opinion, and Commentary Articles, and Book or Article Reviews and Commentary Articles, and Book or Article Reviews There are elements often seen in the publication of There are elements often seen in the publication of different types of research articles such as word count or different types of research articles such as word count or format. format. There are different citation and referencing styles, such as There are different citation and referencing styles, such as MLA, APA, AMA, and Journal Specific Styles. MLA, APA, AMA, and Journal Specific Styles. A resource that you can use to assist in writing research A resource that you can use to assist in writing research 15 articles is Editage.com articles is Editage.com

References References AMA Manual of Style 11th ed (2020). Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/amamanualofstyle APA Style Grammar Guidelines (2024). APA 7th ed. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar- guidelines MLA Style Center (2024). The MLA Guide. https://style.mla.org/ Majumder, K. (2015) 6 Article types that journals publish: A guide for early career researchers. Editage.com. https://www.editage.com/insights/6-article-types-that-journals- publish-a-guide-for-early-career-researchers The Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2024). https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/index.html 16

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Sincere Thanks to the Society for Metabolic Health Practitioners for their support of this Research Training Series A/V Editing & Tech Support: Bryson Tidman PowerPoint/Graphic Design: Kathryn Tidman 17

SMHP Research Academy SMHP Research Academy Research Training Series Research Training Series Module Seven Module Seven