FEL Integration & Performance Review Meeting Summary

In the recent FEL Integration & Performance TDR Review Committee Meeting on June 6th, 2022, Federico Nguyen presented updates from the WA6 Working Group. The meeting covered various aspects such as undulator specifications, FEL layout definition, beam optics analysis, baseline parameters simulation, and tolerance analysis. Discussions focused on important details like undulator magnetic lattice design, AQUA undulator properties, quadrupole integral fields, and gradient requirements. The session highlighted key considerations for optimizing the system performance and achieving desirable beam energies. Find out more about the progress made in this comprehensive report.

• FEL
• Integration
• Performance
• Review
• Committee

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1. WA6 Status Report FEL Integration & Performance TDR Review Committee Meeting, June 6th2022 Federico Nguyen on behalf of the WA6 Working Group

2. Workflow 1. Undulator specifications ( see A. Petralia s talk) 2. FEL Layout definition ( see A. Ghigo s talk) 3. Beam optics analysis ( this talk) 4. Baseline parameters simulation ( this talk) 5. Tolerance analysis ( to-do list) 6. Start to end simulation ( to-do list) EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 1

3. FEL Layout definition From the baseline electron beam parameters and the frozen undulator specifics Design of the undulator section, intra-module distance and FODO properties Focus on the red rectangle beam parameters (see WA1 C. Vaccarezza s talk) LINAC LINAC + PWA Parameter Symbol Units A B C D (CDR) E Charge Q pC 200 200 30 30 30 Energy E GeV 1 1 1 0.996 1 Peak current Ipeak kA ? 1.6 0.7 1.8 800 Bunch length ? 18.3 100 2 5 m ?z Proj. norm. emittances (x/y) mm-mrad 1.85 ? ? 3/4 1.7 ?n,x,y Slice, norm. emittances (x/y) mm-mrad ? 0.8 3/4 0.5 0.5 ?n,x,y (1/1.2 at linac) Proj. energy spread % 0.09 ? ? 0.95 1.5 ??p Slice Energy spread % ? 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.06 ??s AQUA ARIA AQUA/ARIA EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 2

4. AQUA undulator magnetic lattice ~ 25 m whole section Apple-X undulators Quad magn. length ~ 10cm 198cm 18cm |!| 31cm ~ 60cm EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 3

5. AQUA @4nm with Apple-X: selectable polarization [m] s [m] s 45 50 55 60 65 70 45 50 55 60 65 70 0 0 0 0 10 10 -6 -6 5 5 5 5 Circular Pol. FODO Linear Pol. FODO 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 z [m] z [m] 25 25 25 25 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 B [T] B [T] Slightly asymmetric Quad field strengths in Linear Twiss values at und. entrance for the electron beam to match constrain the upstream transfer line EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 4

6. Quadrupole integral fields vs. Ebeam Integral Field Gradient [T] 0.8 0.9 1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 FODO for 1 1 Quad integral field gradients should be such to sustain even higher beam energies 1.1 1.1 Weaker Quad - Lin. Pol. Both Quads - Circular Pol. Stronger Quad - Lin. Pol. l u =18mm, a 1.2 1.2 w Possible to reach for 3nm with the same undulator and quadrupole devices, if Ebeam~ 1.2 GeV 1.3 1.3 =0.84, < 1.4 1.4 b >=8m E beam 1.5 1.5 [GeV] 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 res l [nm] EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 5

7. Towards approval of the adopted solution The process towards Blessing of the chosen configuration has started (see A. Falone s talk) Draft of the Physics Interface Document will be circulated soon, to be scrutinized for approval EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 6

8. Linear Pol. Apple-X overall FEL performance Tunability both in beam energy mec2and in undulator gap guweighted for N /pulse Undulator gap gives limited lever arm: shorter res lower K values lower N /pulse By increasing beam energy (other parameters constant) chance to reach for 4nm with performance similar to longer Courtesy of L. Giannessi wavelengths EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 7

9. Circular Pol. Apple-X overall FEL performance Tunability both in beam energy mec2and in undulator gap guweighted for N /pulse Circular Polariz.: wider undulator gap tunability than Linear water window wavelengths probed with higher N yield By increasing beam energy (other parameters constant) chance to reach for 3nm with performance similar to longer Courtesy of L. Giannessi wavelengths EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 8

10. Electron beam used for FEL performance Average electron beam slice parameters are used to perform 3D time dependent simulations with the Genesis1.3_V2code in 4 undulator + related magnetic lattice configurations: Linear & Circular polarizations, targeting 4nm & 5.75nm (Kmax) An ideal Gaussian current profile is assumed with Ipeak= 1.8kA and Q = 30pC m Pulse energy [ 10 1 J] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 beam current profile CP 4nm exit power 5 10 15 LP 4nm CP 4nm LP Kmax CP Kmax 20 z [m] 25 EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 9

11. AQUA FEL results with average beam parameters EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 10

12. Conclusions & outlook AQUA undulator line is designed, featuring the magnetic lattice, intra- module distance and FODO quadrupole integral strengths able to sustain E > 1 GeV beam energies same line is Design of the full undulator line is going through the approval/blessing certification process Ideal reference electron beam values are used to perform 3D time dependent simulations: both LP and CP APPLE-X, at 4nm and at 5.75nm Kmax CP at 5.75nm allows to enter the realm of O(1012) N /pulse achieved at shorter with higher Ebeam(or improved parameters to be WA1) Now focus on the tolerance study and on the full S2E with electron macroparticles (V. Petrillo, N. Mirian, M. Opromolla & A. Selce will contribute on these) Please, stay FEL-tuned! Thank you! EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB TDR Review Federico Nguyen June 6 2022 11