FGM Report
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia for non-therapeutic reasons. This report delves into the cultural, social, and health aspects of FGM, including identification, intervention, reasons for practice, methods, and indicators. Understanding FGM is crucial for prevention and safeguarding.
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Presentation Transcript
FGM Report Dr S K Sethi City LSCB -June 2015 Why us? Why now?
All procedures which involve the partial or total removal of the external genitalia or injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons The World Health Organisation What is FGM? 2
types I circumcision removal of clitoris II Excision I + removal of Minora III Infibulation I + II + Majora IV Piercing, chemicals, burns everything else
Identification and Intervention There are 3 circumstances Child at risk 1. Child has been abused through FGM 2. Mother has undergone FGM 3.
Why is FGM carried out? Religion is NOT a basis for FGM Cultural identity A tribal initiation into adulthood Gender Identity Moving from girl to woman enhancing femininity Sexual control believed to reduce the woman s desire for sex and therefore the possibility of sex outside marriage Hygiene/cleanliness unmutilated women are regarded as unclean and not allowed to handle food or water
How is FGM carried out? Varies from community to community generally by an elder woman in the community using non-sterile, blunt instruments without anaesthetic UK girls are taken on holiday to become a woman Communities are believed to have their own practitioners here Some doctors will do this under anaesthetic
Indications that FGM may be about to take place .. The family come from a community that is known to practise FGM Parents state they will take the child out of the country for a prolonged period A child may talk about a long holiday to a country where the practice is prevalent A child may confide that she is to have a special procedure or celebration
Indications that FGM may have already taken place .. A child may spend long periods of time away from the classroom during the day with bladder or menstrual problems Prolonged absences from School plus a noticeable behaviour change The child requiring to be excused from physical exercise without the support of their GP
Communities at Risk 29 practising countries in particular Somalia 98% Sierra Leone 90% Ethiopia - 90% Sudan 91% In Middle East Egypt 97%
Health Consequences Short term Haemorrhage Severe pain & shock Urine retention Infection including tetanus & HIV Injury to adjacent tissue Fracture or dislocation to limbs as a result of restraint
Health Consequences Long-Term Difficulty with passing urine & chronic urinary tract infections which can lead to renal problems or renal failure Difficulties with menstruation Acute & chronic pelvic infections which can lead to infertility Sexual dysfunction/Psychological/Flashbacks Complications during pregnancy Chronic scar formations
What do I do? You must inform your designated child protection Advisor They must make a referral to the Local Authority Children s Social Care Holistic child and Think Family Legal parameters March 2004.
Why do we need to Safeguard Girls and Women from FGM ? FGM is recognised internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. FGM constitutes child abuse and causes physical, psychological and sexual harm which is life long. FGM is performed on a child who is unable to resist or give informed consent FGM is illegal in the UK.
