Fisheries Governance Perception Measurement System

EU Horizon 2020 Marie Skodowska-Curie (MSC)ITN-ETN programme (project 642080) Stakeholders perceptions of Governance in Iceland and Spain (Galicia) Ixai Salvo Borda ICES-ASC 2018 Hamburg (Germany)

Imagine for a moment: You are a fisheries manager You have to work on a new fishery and its governance No real knowledge (apart from literature) Need a way to know what stakeholder think and see things

What do you need?: A system to measure fishers perception of Governance in fisheries. Why a system? Set standards for improve and achieve goals Indicate where help/changes are needed Optimisation Show where policies might prove most effective.

What does this system do? Enables the evaluation of the actual stakeholders perception of governance systems and identifies gaps for enhancement. This will be used for: Create different paths of interactions with fishers. Fast detect of gaps in the practices of governance Allow improvements on governance and faster assessments

How are you going to achieve this?

Method Dimmesion Principle Procedural Principles Indicator Questions for the interv iew Metrics explanation 0- Completely disagree: There is no stakeholder involvement at all. 6- Completely Agree: Stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process 0- Completely disagree: There are not ways that other actors could be involved in the system 6- Completely Agree: Mechanisms allow completely the involvment of other actors 0- Completely Disagree: Stakeholders can be discredit or removed in any time. 6- Completely Agree: There is no way to remove or discredit an stakeholder 0- Completely Disagree: There is no participation at all in the decision making process 6- Completely Agree: All the stakeholders participate in the decision making process 0- Completely disagree: Decision-makers do not represent stakeholder groups. 6- Completely Agree: Decision-makers represent stakeholder groups 0- Completely disagree: Stakeholder cannot choose decision-makers. 6- Completely Agree: Stakeholders can choose decision-makers 0- Completely disagree: Decision-makers are not know 6- Completely Agree: Decision-makers are know by all interest groups 0- Completely disagree: Decision-makers do not know interest groups 6- Completely Agree: Decision-makers are aware of common groups. 0- Completely disagree: There is no consultation process 6- Completely Agree: There is a consultation process 0- Completely disagree: The decision making process is not based on stakeholders consultation 6- Completely Agree: The decision making process is based on stakeholders consultation 0- Completely disagree: The consultation process does not involve stakehodlers 6- Completely Agree: The consultation process covers all the stakeholders 0- Completely Disagree: Consultation does not have a postive effect among stakeholder relationships 6- Completely Agree: Consultation have a positive effect among stakeholder relationships 0- Completely Disagree: Stakeholders do not know their role and responsabilities toward the system 6- Completely Agree: Stakeholders know their role and responsability toward the system 0- Completely disagree: Interest groups do not understand the objectives of the participatory proccess 6- Completely Agree: All interest groups understand the objectives of the participatory proccess 0- Completely disagree: Interest groups do not have timely access to relevant information 6- Completely Agree: All interest groups timely access to relevant information 0- Completely disagree: There is no information available about the system 6- Completely Agree: All the information about the system is available 0- Completely disagree: I consider the decision- making process not transparent 6- Completely Agree: I consider the decision making proccess completely transparent 0- Completely disagree: It is not possible to see how decisions are made. 6- Completely Agree: Is possible to see how all the decisions are made. 0- Completely disagree: No one knows who makes decisions. 6- Completely Agree: Everyone knows who makes decisions 0- Completely disagree: The decision making proccess is not accesible. 6- Completely Agree: The decission making proccess is accesible 0- Completely disagree: The system is dominated by a precise group of people. 6- Completely Agree: There is no a dominant group of people in the system 0- Completely disagree: Women and men does not have the same capability to participate in the decision-making proccess 6- Completely Agree: women and men have the same capability to participate in the decision making proccess. 0- Completely disagree: Nationality has a strong influence in the capability to participate on the fishery 6- Completely Agree: Nationaliy or race does not have influence in the capability to participate on the fishery 0- Completely Disagree: Age have an strong influence in the participation on the fishery 6- Completely Agree: Age does not have influence in the participation on the fishery 0- Completely disagree: Decision-makers do not answer to those they represent 6- Completely Agree: Decision-makers always answer procedurally and periodically to those they represent 0- Completely Disagree: Stakeholders do not answer to those who represent them 6- Completely Agree: Stakeholders always answer procedurally and periodically to those who represent them 0- Completely Disagree: There is NO control over answerability of decisio-makers 6- Completely Agree: There is a full control over answerability of decision-makers 0- Completely Disagree: There are not control institutions/bodies or at least stakeholders do not know them 6- There are control institutions/bodies and stakeholders know them well Developing an instrument, a tool, a practical kit Stakeholder removal/discredit from the system Do you think all stakeholders are involved in the decision making process? Stakeholders involvement in the decision-making process Do you think the system has mechanisms to enable the involvment of others if necessary? Mechanisms of participation for non-direct stakeholders Inclusive Do you think there are efforts inside the system to remove or discredit certain stakeholders? Do you think the decision process of the fishery allows participation of stakeholders? Stakeholders participation on the decision process Participation Indicators Do you think decision-makers actions represent the stakeholder groups? Decision-makers representativeness Do you think stakeholders can choose the decision makers? Stakeholders avality to choose decision-makers Representative Do you think decision-makers are know by all interest groups? Decision-makers common knowledge Stakeholders common knowledge Do you think decision-makers know all stakeholders? Set of indicators There is a consultation process during the decision making process? Legitimacy and Voice Consultation during the decision making process Do you think the decision making process is based on stakeholder consultation? Decision-making process reliabilaty on consultation Comprehensive Consultation and decision-making relationship Does the consultation process cover all the stakeholders? Easy to measure and understand Consensus orientation Do you think consultation plays a positive role in the decision making process? Positive role of consultation Do you think stakeholders know their roles and responsabilities on the system? Knowledge of stakeholders of their roles and responsabilities Interests groups understanding of the objectives of the participatory process Do you think all interest groups understand the objectives of the participatory proccess? Informed Do you think all interest groups timely access to relevant information? Timely access to relevant information PRINCIPLE INDICATOR Do you think there is enough information about the objectives of the system? SCORE Amount of information available about the objectives of the system Transparency of decision making process Do you think decision-making proccess is transparent? There is a formal (1) or informal (0) co-management process Are a broad spectrum of stakeholders involved in management? There are participation incentives? There is the opportunity of a participatory process? There is an individual (0) or a collective participation (100) Do you think is possible for everyone to see how decisions are made? Visibility of how decisions are made Transparent Cognoscibility of decision-makers Do you think everyone knows who makes decisions? Do you think stakeholders can access the decision making proccess? Accesibility to the decision making process Participation Dominance inside the group Do you think there is a dominant group in the system? Equity Do you think women and men have the same capability to participate in the decision making proccess? Role of Gender Empowered Do you think nationality or race influence the capability to participate in the decision making proccess Role of Nationaly Fairness Do you think age supposes a problem to take part on the fishery? Role of Age Do you think decision-makers answer procedurally and periodically to those they represent? Answerability of decision-makers Does stakeholders answer procedurally and periodically to those who represent them? Answerability of stakeholders Rule of Law Accountable Do you think there is a control over accountability of decision-makers? Control of the answerability of decision-makers Do you know if there are control institutions/bodies? In that case, do you know them? Cognoscibility of control institutions/bodies

Procedural Principles Questions for the interview Metrics explanation Result Positive Perception of Governance 1- Completely disagree: There is no stakeholder involvement at all. 5- Completely Agree: Stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process Do you think all stakeholders are involved in the decision making process? Procedural Principles the involvment of others if necessary? 1- Completely disagree: There are not ways that other actors could be involved in the system 5- Completely Agree: Mechanisms allow completely the involvment of other actors Questions for the interview Metrics explanation Result Do you think the system has mechanisms to enable Inclusive 1- Completely disagree: There is no stakeholder involvement at all. 5- Completely Agree: Stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process 1- Completely Disagree: There is no participation at all in the decision making process 5- Completely Agree: All the stakeholders participate in the decision making process RESULT TOTAL SUM Do you think all stakeholders are involved in the decision making process? 1- Completely Disagree: Stakeholders can be discredit or removed in any time. 5- Completely Agree: There is no way to remove or discredit an stakeholder Do you think there are efforts inside the system to remove or discredit certain stakeholders? 1- Completely disagree: There are not ways that other actors could be involved in the system 5- Completely Agree: Mechanisms allow completely the involvment of other actors Do you think the decision process of the fishery allows participation of stakeholders? Do you think the system has mechanisms to enable the involvment of others if necessary? Inclusive 1- Completely Disagree: Stakeholders can be discredit or removed in any time. 5- Completely Agree: There is no way to remove or discredit an stakeholder GOVERNANCE UNITS Do you think there are efforts inside the system to remove or discredit certain stakeholders? 1- Completely Disagree: There is no participation at all in the decision making process 5- Completely Agree: All the stakeholders participate in the decision making process TOTAL SUM Do you think the decision process of the fishery allows participation of stakeholders? RESULT Negative Perception of Governance

Practical Cases (This is real life folks)

Case Study 1: Galician Hake Fishery Hake (Commonly Merluccius merluccius) selected as a representative species of the Galician fishery. TAC system EU Spanish Government Autonomic Government and Cofrad as Studygroups Small scale fisheries Industrial Fisheries Gillnets Bottom Longliners Trawling Galicia's Maritime Zones (J.C. Sur s Regueiro, J.L. Santiago /Marine Policy 47 (2014) 99-109 (pp. 102)

Perceptions of Governance Main Result Perception of Governance Medium-Positive Perception 97 Positive Perception of Governance 140 Negative Perception of Governance 28

Secondary Analysis Governance Impressions Procedural Results Governance Impresions Results Inclusive Participation Accountable Representative Rule of Law Consensus orientation Empowered Comprehensive Transparent Informed Equity

Case Study 2: Icelandic Cod Fishery Cod (Commonly Gadus morhua) selected as a representative species of the Icelandic fishery Study groups Small scale fisheries National Fishing ground Trawlers ITQ system Ministry of Fisheries and Governmental bodies Directorate of Fisheries

Perceptions of Governance Main Result Perception of Governance Positive Perception 116 Positive Perception of Governance 140 Negative Perception of Governance 28

Secondary Analysis Governance Impresions Results Governance Impressions Procedural Results Participation Inclusive Accountable Representative Rule of Law Consensus orientation Empowered Comprehensive Transparent Informed Equity

Conclusions

Conclusions Simple method to measure governance Fisheries system oriented Address key issues of the sector easily Set standards for improve and achieve goals Utility Challenges Indicate where help/changes are needed Fast and simple assessment of governance Efficacy of the tool in not open societies Bottom-up approach Standard? Hard goal to achieve Optimisation Show where policies might prove most effective. Picture of a precise time and moment

SAF21 is a project financed under the EU Horizon 2020 Marie Skodowska-Curie (MSC)ITN-ETN programme (project 642080) This is not the end, it is just another step of the way Thank you www.saf21.org Questions? @saf21esr isalvo@uvigo.es /saf21etn The Daily Fish