Foundations of Government: Purposes and Functions Explored
Delve into the fundamental aspects of government, including its purposes, types of power, policy areas of concern, characteristics of a state, and essential functions. Understand the roles of legislative, executive, and judicial powers, as well as the significance of national security, order maintenance, conflict resolution, service provision, and public good in governance.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 1: Foundations of Government Section 1: The Purposes of Government (pg.6-13)
What is Government? (pg.7) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/United_States_Capitol_-_west_front.jpg Government is a formal institution made up of people , power, & policies. Power, refers to the government s authority & ability to get things done. A policy is any decision made in pursuit of a goal.
Which type of Government power is most important? (pg.7) https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/518499124186710016/1240/10/scaletowidth Legislative power it makes laws Executive power it carries out and enforces the law Judicial power it interprets the law and settles disputes between members of society
What are some policy areas the Government is concerned with? (pg.7) http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zwiki/pub/Maps/countries/dfat/Iran.jpg Taxation Defense Environmental Protection Health Care Transportation What are more policies that the government is concerned with?
What are Characteristics of a State? A state is a political unit with the power to make and enforce laws over people within a clearly defined territory. Population Territory Government Sovereignty or the supreme power to act within its territory and control its external affairs http://www.mapsnworld.com/map/usa-map-1959.jpg (pgs.7-8)
What are the Functions of Government? Rank the Functions (pgs.8-10) Ensure National Security Protect the nation s people and territory from external threats Maintain Order Maintain internal order through police and the legal system Resolve Conflict Provide means to resolve conflicts through politics and the legal system Provide Services Provide a variety of services, ranging from education to public transportation, which are paid for by taxes Provide for the Public Good Make decisions and policies that attempt to balance the public good with the needs of smaller segments of the population
Theories of Rule (pgs.10-11) Divine Right Throughout history emperors all over the world claimed a Mandate from Heaven In the 1600s Jacques- Benigne Bossuet called this the divine right theory Therefore a King or Queen had legitimacy from God or the gods and to disagree with him was to disagree with God http://www.conservapedia.com/images/thumb/9/9c/QueenElizabethII_2003.jpg/225px-QueenElizabethII_2003.jpg
Theories of Rule (pg.11) Natural Law & Natural Rights Natural law has a long history and goes all the way back to Aristotle The Christian philosopher Thomas Aquinas argued that since human nature comes from God, natural law, too, must come from God. Therefore if your leaders don t follow natural law citizens don t have to follow those leaders http://cdn.aquinasandmore.com/images/items/thomas-aquinas18187lg.jpg
Theories of Rule (pgs.11-12) The Social Contract Theory (Late 1600s) Under this theory, a government is legitimate only so long as the partied to the agreement hand over power to the state Thomas Hobbes believed people agreed to government b/c nature was so violent. John Locke added on by stating that any violation of the people s natural rights by the gov. the people had grounds for rebellion http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/images/authos/locke.jpg http://www.bibliovault.org/thumbs/978-0-226-06248-8-frontcover.jpg
