Galileo’s New World
Galileo's revolutionary contributions to astronomy, including the development of telescopes and astrolabes for observing and measuring celestial phenomena. Discover how ancient astronomers used tools like globes, armillary spheres, and astrolabes to model the heavens. Dive into the history of measuring time by night with devices like nocturnals and learn about the astronomical use of the plane astrolabe. Marvel at Galileo's groundbreaking work that inaugurated modern cosmology and shaped our understanding of the universe.
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Presentation Transcript
Galileos New World Post-visit In-depth materials (High schools, age 14-18)
Models of the heavens To reproduce the appearance of the heavens ancient astronomers used globes, armillary spheres and astrolabes. Watch the video
Measuring Time by Night: Astrolabes and Nocturnals Highly versatile instruments, astrolabes could also be used to tell the time by day or by night, based on direct measurement of the height of the Sun or of a star. Astrolabes had been developed to the highest levels by astronomers. In the 16th century, devices of European design were produced for measuring time by night. Nocturnals, for instance, determined the hour by the position of the last two stars in the Big Dipper in relation to the Pole Star. These instruments were useless when the sky was overcast. medieval Islamic Plane astrolabe. Museo Galileo, Florence
Astronomical use of the plane astrolabe The planispheric astrolabe is the most versatile instrument made in antiquity for the analogical performance of astronomical computations. Watch the video
Nocturnal Nocturnals are instruments for finding the time at night by observing the positions of the celestial bodies or the lunar phases. Watch the video
The Telescope: Observing and Measuring Astronomical Phenomena Although the first "spyglasses" were fabricated in Holland in the early 17th century, Galileo alone immediately realized their great astronomical potential. Using two lenses, a plane- convex objective and a plane-concave eyepiece, he perfected the telescope, improving it to a magnifying power of 20 and designing accessories that made it not only an observation instrument but also a device for measuring astronomical phenomena. Galileo's telescope. Museo Galileo, Florence
Galileo's astronomy Galileo inaugurated modern cosmology. Watch the video
Galileo's telescope Original telescope made by Galileo consisting of a main tube with separate housings at either end for the objective and the eyepiece. The tube is formed by strips of wood joined together. Galileo's telescope. Museo Galileo, Florence
Galileo's objective lens The central piece is the objective lens that was used by Galileo for many observations in 1609-1610. In 1610, he was the first to observe Jupiter's moons, which he called the "Medicean Planets." In 1677, Vittorio Crosten built the ebony frame in which the lens has since been preserved. Galileo's objective lens. Museo Galileo, Florence
Telescope The first rudimentary telescope was invented in Holland. Galileo saw a few copies of it in Venice. Watch the video
Telescope Evolution of the telescope. Museo Galileo, Florence
Lens-making To produce lenses, a disk was cut from the block of glass and ground with a metal bowl whose surface was of the desired curvature. Watch the video
Galileo's micrometer To measure with precision the distance of each satellite from the planet Jupiter, Galileo designed a device known as a micrometer. Watch the video
Sidereus Nuncius In the Sidereus Nuncius [The Starry Messenger] Galileo published the results of his observations of the Moon, the Milky Way, and most notably the four satellites of Jupiter, never before seen. Galileo Galilei, Sidereus Nuncius, 1610. Drawings of the Moon
Saturn's system In 1610, Galileo observed Saturn with his telescope and found it to be "triple-bodied". Watch the video
Galileo's portraits Galileo Galilei was portrayed by some of the most famous painters of his time. Watch the video
Galileo's trial Even as Galileo's discoveries resonated across Europe, his conflict with the Catholic Church became more open. Watch the video
Galileo Portal To deepen the history of the man and the scientist consult the Galileo Portal at https://portalegalileo.museogalileo.it/index.html
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