Gender Inequality Challenges During the Pandemic: Solutions and Insight
Explore the rising gender inequality during the pandemic, with a focus on employment disparities, childcare issues, and policy implications. Gain valuable insights from demographic data and expert discussions on addressing these challenges.
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Rising Gender Inequality During Rising Gender Inequality During the Pandemic: Documenting the Pandemic: Documenting Challenges and Highlighting Challenges and Highlighting Solutions Solutions Population Association of America Population Association of America Congressional Briefing Congressional Briefing Living, Working, Dying: Living, Working, Dying: Demographic Insights into COVID Demographic Insights into COVID- -19 19 April 23, 2021 April 23, 2021 William Scarborough University of North Texas Caitlin Collins Washington University in St. Louis Liana Christin Landivar Women s Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor Maryland Population Research Center Leah Ruppanner University of Melbourne
Rising Gender Inequality During Rising Gender Inequality During the Pandemic the Pandemic
Women's and Men's Employment: February 2020 to February 2021 Employment Loss, Jan. 2020-April 2020: -11.9 million men workers -13.2 million women workers 83.9M 79.7M Men 74.7M 71.9M 70.6M Women 61.5M January 2020 March 2020 May 2020 July 2020 September 2020 November 2020 January 2021 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey
Loss of Childcare During Pandemic Loss of Childcare During Pandemic Percentage of Nonworking Adults Aged 25-44 with Children who Left Work due to COVID-19 Related Childcare Issues 1 in 3 women not working due to COVID-19 disruption to childcare Total 25.5% Women nearly 3x as likely as men to be out of labor force due to childcare issues Women 32.1% Men 12.1% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Household Pulse Survey (Week 12: July 16-July 21,2020
Rising Gender Inequality During the Pandemic: Rising Gender Inequality During the Pandemic: Perfect Storm Perfect Storm Majority-women industries hardest hit Major decline in women s labor force participation Loss of childcare pulling mothers from work more than fathers Return to traditional caregiving arrangements in families
Policy Support During the Policy Support During the Pandemic Pandemic
Policy Support During the Pandemic Policy Support During the Pandemic Mothers Employment by Head Start and CCDBG Subsidy Availability, 2016 CARES Act Head Start: $750 million 68.5% 67.4% Child Care and Development Block Grants: $3.5 billion 66.8% 66.7% 65.9% 65.1% 25% 50% 75% 7% 12% Subsidy Receipt 17% Subsidy Receipt Head Start Enrollment Head Start Enrollment Head Start Enrollment Subsidy Receipt Source: 2016 American Community Survey, diversitydatakids.org (Head Start enrollment), and U.S. Government Accountability Office (Subsidy Receipt)
Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020 Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020
Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020 Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020 Mothers employment 5 percentage points higherwith in-person schooling compared to remote schooling.
Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020 Elementary School District Primary Operating Status in September 2020 by race and ethnicity of student population by race and ethnicity of student population 68% 50% 41% 38% 37% 21% 20% 12% 11% 25%+ Black students 25%+ Hispanic students 75%+ White students Share in person Share hybrid Share remote Source: Elementary School Operating Status, wave 1
Policy Support During Pandemic Recovery Policy Support During Pandemic Recovery States where Head Start was more accessible had less severe impact of recession and more stable recovery Source: American Community Survey, 2006 through 2016, diversitydatakids.org (Head Start enrollment).
Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions
Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions Investments in Research to Identify Challenges Current Population Survey Household Pulse Survey American Time Use Survey
Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Conclusion: Inventory Challenges, Implement Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions Investments in Research to Identify Challenges Current Population Survey Household Pulse Survey American Time Use Survey Investments in Care Infrastructure to Support Families Now and into Recovery Head Start Child Care & Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Public Schools
Thank you! William Scarborough Department of Sociology University of North Texas William.Scarborough@unt.edu
