Genetic Engineering and Its Applications
Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification, involves directly manipulating an organism's genes to alter its characteristics using biotechnology. This process has various applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Discover how genetic engineering works, its significance in agricultural revolution, and the use of genetic testing today.
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Presentation Transcript
Genetic Engineering By Nicole Science 10
What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering is also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation. It is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. It is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. Genetic Engineering has a huge array of applications, for instance, surgery, animal husbandry, medicine, and agriculture. With genetic engineering, many crops species have developed immunity to most diseases. Genetic engineering has also helped to increase crop growth when farming. Today, wide ranging crop species like wheat are genetically modified to achieve high nutritive value, and it is a lot faster to make now. These days, more and more countries are using genetically engineered crops to fight scarcity of food, they offer highly nutritious foods, and grow and cultivate crops that are immune to various diseases. Genetic engineering, in many ways, has heralded an age of agricultural revolution, which many hope will help wipe out malnutrition and starvation.
How does genetic engineering work? Genetic engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. Some Examples of genetically engineered (transgenic) organisms currently on the market include plants with resistance to some insects, plants that can tolerate herbicides, and crops with modified oil content. A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid is extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell. A small section is then cut out of the circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, 'molecular scissors'. The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid.
How do we use Genetic Testing Today? Genetic testing can provide information about a person s genes and chromosomes. It can be used to identify or rule out a specific genetic or chromosomal condition. Most of the time genetic testing is used to confirm a diagnosis when any condition is found based on the person s physical signs and symptoms. Genetic tests are done by analysing small samples of blood or body tissues. They determine weather a person carries genes for certain inherited disorders. Genetic engineering can be done with plants, animals, or bacteria and other very small organisms. Another name for this is genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. The process to create GE foods is different than selective breeding. This involves selecting plants or animals with desired traits and breeding them.
Sources https://www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/e volution/reproductionrev6.shtml https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-genetic-engineering- definition-and-examples.html http://www.sustainabletable.org/264/genetic-engineering https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-genetic-engineering
