Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet due today! Biology Students Required to Maintain Science Folders
The agenda for January 5th, 2016, includes reviewing policies, office hours, and seating charts in a Genetics class. Students must complete a Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet due at the end of the hour. Biology students need to maintain science folders and a new folder is due on Friday. The seating chart is being updated, and an introduction to Genetics is planned for January 6th and 7th, along with genetic terms definitions and practice problems. Essential genetic terms and concepts like genes, alleles, and genotype are covered in the lesson.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Tuesday, January 5th, 2016 Genetics Genetics Agenda: Welcome Back!! Review: Policies, Office Hours and Seating Chart Activity: Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet due at the end of the hour TODAY!! Homework/Class Work: 1.Genetics Vocabulary Worksheet due Today for 26 Points 2. New Science Notebooks due Friday 1/8/2016
Necessary Materials for the Science Folders All Biology students will be REQUIRED maintain & Folder (1 per quarter) ONLY for Biology!! They will be graded periodically Students may use them as a resource while studying for the exams Materials Needed: 1 Folder per quarter (4 total for the year) with prongs in the center Loose leaf paper Pens/Pencils NEW FOLDER DUE THIS FRIDAY 1/8/2016
SEATING CHART!!! As you hear your name called, please take a seat in your new assigned seat!
Genetics: Genetics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_PQ8qYtUL0 Following the video clip, please take out your Genetics Vocabulary Sheet and pick up a Biology Textbook!!
Wednesday/Thursday 1/6-1/7/2016 Genetics Genetics Agenda: Introduction to Genetics!! Activity: Finish Genetics Vocab Group Definitions Notes: Intro to Genetics Activity: Brain Pop and Worksheet Activity: Genetic Terms Review Activity: Genetics Practice Problems Part I Homework/Class Work: 1. Homework: Genetics Practice Problems Part I worksheet due Friday 1/8/2016 for 10 Points
GENETIC TERMS Gene: a sequence of DNA that encodes for a certain trait Allele: one of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene (a single letter) Dominant Allele: an allele that dictates the expression of a trait (capital letter, ex: A) Recessive Allele: an allele whose trait is masked by the presence of a dominant allele (lower case letter, ex: a)
TERMS Genotype: genetic make-up of an organism (letter combination) Phenotype: physical appearance of an organism (its outward physical appearance) Homozygous: both alleles in a gene pair code for the same trait (ex: AA or aa) Heterozygous: the two alleles in a gene pair that do not code for the same trait (ex: Aa)
TERMS Sex Chromosome: the chromosome that determines the sex of an organism (the X and Y chromosome) Autosome: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Punnett Square: a chart which shows all possible gene combinations in a cross of parents Monohybrid cross: a cross between two individuals for one trait (ex: Aa x Aa) Dihybrid cross: crossing two different characteristics at the same time (AaBb x AaBb)
1. Chimps & humans DNA are 98% identical. 2. The father determines the sex of the offspring. 3. A genetic blood disorder can make your skin look blue. 4. A person may transmit characteristics to their offspring which he/she do not show themselves. 5. Geneticists have created a potato that can self destruct. 6. We share 40-50% of our DNA with cabbages 7. Scientists estimate that 99.9 percent of the DNA of most humans is identical. 8. Each parent contributes half of their child s genetic make-up. 9. Henrietta Lacks was a woman with a mutation who had immortal cells, who later died of cervical cancer (kidney injury) 10. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.
Genetics: Genetics: THE FIELD OF BIOLOGY DEVOTED TO UNDERSTANDING HOW CHARACTERISTICS ARE PASSED FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING.
GREGOR MENDEL (1823 1884) AUSTRIAN MONK WHO STUDIED MATH & STATISTICS. HE BECAME KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF GENETICS . HE CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTS ON PEA PLANTS.
MENDELS PEA PLANT EXPERIEMENTS He observed 7 characteristics of pea plants each characteristic had only 2 contrasting traits. - height - flower position along the stem - pod appearance - pod color - seed texture - seed color - flower color
MENDELS EXPERIMENT 1. GREW ONLY PLANTS THAT WERE PURE FOR EACH TRAIT. -he had plants self-pollinate for several generations. 2. CROSS-POLLINATED CONTRASTING TRAITS. -ex: he crossed a yellow pod plant with a green. 3. THE 1ST CROSS WAS LABELED AS THE PARENTAL GENERATION (P).
4. THE OFFSPRING WERE LABELED AS THE F1 GENERATION 5. MENDEL ALLOWED THE F1 GENERATION TO SELF-POLLINATE & THOSE OFFSPRING WERE THE F WERE THE F2 2 GENERATION. OFFSPRING GENERATION.
MENDELS RESULTS AFTER CROSSING A PURE GREEN PODDED PLANT (P) WITH A PURE YELLOW (P)ALL OF THE OFFSPRING WERE GREEN. AFTER THESE OFFSPRING (F1) WERE CROSSED THE RESULTING OFFSPRING (F2) CAME OUT TO A 3 TO 1 RATIO FOR GREEN PODDED PLANTS.
MENDELS LAWS LAW OF SEGREGATION - - two alleles for a character will separate when a gamete is formed LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT: -The factors for different characteristics are not connected
QUESTION EXPLAIN WHY MENDEL GOT THE RESULTS HE DID WITH THE PARENTAL GENERATION?
ANSWER Because the green color is considered dominant & it covers or masks the yellow color trait (recessive)
QUESTION If all of the offspring were green and then they were cross pollinated, why didn t these offspring come out all green?
ANSWER Because the offspring from F1 generation carried a hidden yellow factor that could be passed on to the offspring of F2 generation.
The Testcross A genetic procedure devised by Mendel to determine an individual s actual genetic composition A purple-flowered plant can be homozygous dominant (PP) or heterozygous (Pp) One cannot tell by simply looking at the phenotype One can tell from the results of a cross between the test plant and a homozygous recessive plant
BRAIN POP: HEREDITY https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/heredity/
Hereditary Practice On the BACK of your Hereditary BrainPop worksheet, make 4 quadrants and answer the following scenarios using the Punnett square method. 1. C= Cleft chin, c = no cleft chin Heterozygous mom crossed with heterozygous dad 2. W= Widow s peak, w = no widow s peak Homozygous dominant mom crossed with homozygous recessive dad 3. S= normal blood cells, s= Sickle cell anemia disease (sickled shaped cells) Heterozygous mom crossed with homozygous recessive dad 4. A= normal pigment, a= albinism (light to white hair, skin and eyes) Homozygous recessive mom crossed with homozygous dominant dad
Friday, January 8th, 2016 Genetics Genetics Agenda: Crossing Genes Notes: Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Ratios Activity: Monohybrid Cross Practice Activity: Genes with Smile Homework/Class Work: Genes with a Smile due Today 1/8/2016 (Gradebook) for 30 Points
Genotypic Ratio VS Phenotypic Ratio Genotypic Ratio: the number of times each genotype appears in the offspring. Written from most dominant trait to the recessive. ( # of AA, # of Aa, # of aa) Phenotypic Ratio: the number of times each phenotype appears in the offspring. Written from the dominant trait to the recessive. (# of dominant, # of recessive)
Punnett Squares A Punnettsquare is a chart which shows all possible gene combinations in a cross of parents. Horizontally across the top of the chart are the possible gametes of one parent. Vertically down the side of the chart are the possible gametes of the other parent. In the boxes of the chart are the possible genotypes of the offspring. T T TT x tt t t T T t t t t T T
LETS TRY ONE!!!! *Brown = dominant* B= brown eyes b= blue eyes Bb x bb B b The genotypic ratio is: 0:2:2 b B b b b b B b b b The phenotypic ratio is: 2:2
C= Straight hair c= curly hair Monohybrid Cross: two heterozygous individuals Cc x Cc GENOTYPIC RATIO: 1:2:1 CC:Cc:cc C c Homozygous dominant: Heterozygous: Homozygous recessive C CC Cc PHENOTYPIC RATIO: 3:1 Straight:curly Dominant:Recessive Cc c cc IN YOUR NOTEBOOK IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
