Global Healthcare Models Overview: Beveridge, Bismarck, & More

Libyan International Medical University The Faculty of Business Administration Healthcare Models Haitham Alsarah 2493 Adam Mohamed 2734 Abdulrahman Alarif 3332

Table of Content Introduction The Bevereidge Model The Bismarck model The National Health Insurance Model The Out-of-Pocket Model How Is Beveridge Model Applied? Advantages & Disadvantages of the Beveridge Model

Introduction Healthcare models, also known as healthcare systems are basically organizations of people, institutions and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the healthcare needs of its populations. They are 4 global healthcare models, which are : The Beveridge Model The Bismarck Model The National Health Insurance Model The Out-Of-Pocket Model In the Next slide, the Definitions of each Healthcare model will be provided before choosing one model for this presentation.

The Bevereidge Model The healthcare model of the Beveridge system is a system in which healthcare is organized and financed by the government. It provides universal access to healthcare at no cost to the patient, and is funded by taxation. This system ensures that everyone has access to healthcare services in an equitable manner, regardless of income level or other factors. The Beveridge model is based on the concept of social solidarity, where citizens are collectively responsible for each other's health and well-being.

The Bismarck model The Bismarck model of healthcare is a system of healthcare delivery that is based on the societal values and principles of its namesake, Otto von Bismarck. It is notable for its reliance on government-regulated insurance funds, known as sickness funds, which are used to pay for the majority of health services. Furthermore, this model typically involves private hospitals and doctors working alongside public ones in order to provide care to all members. Unlike the Beveridge model, the Bismarck model doesn't provide universal health coverage. It requires employment for health insurance, so it allocates its resources to those who contribute financially.

The National Health Insurance Model The NHS model incorporates different aspects of the Beveridge and Bismarck models. First, as with the Beveridge model, the government acts as the sole payer for medical procedures. However, as with the Bismarck model, providers are private. The national health insurance model is paid for by private providers but paid for through a government-run insurance scheme for which every citizen pays. Basically, the comprehensive medical insurance model is a type of comprehensive insurance that is not profitable and does not deny claims.

The Out-of-Pocket Model The Out-of-Pocket Model is a more traditional form of healthcare delivery. This model relies on the patient to pay for all healthcare services, including check-ups, treatments and medicines. This model is common in countries where there is a lack of public funding, or where the population is not wealthy enough to support a large-scale public healthcare system. In many developing countries, the Out-of- Pocket Model is the only form of healthcare available.

The Chosen Model The Beveridge The countries that are currently implementing this Healthcare model are as follows: United Kingdom Spain Italy Sweden Denmark Norway New Zealand etc..

How Is Beveridge Model Applied? All the countries mentioned in the previous slide are countries that apply the Beveridge Model. This model is widely used and the way it is applied is that the government is the one who finance all the healthcare through tax payments.

Advantages of the Beveridge Model All citizens can have access to health care services because the plan covers every citizen the Government is responsible for the quality of health care services and this can be advantageous if the government keeps health care costs low Citizens do not have to pay and are not responsible for medical bills

Disadvantages of the Beveridge Model Every citizen has to pay higher taxes regardless of using health care services or not ( pay tax even if you do not get sick) the Government is responsible for the quality of health care services and this can be harmful if the government restricts services that patients are allowed to have access to Waiting lists will be long, especially for those with non-urgent situations.

Conclusion To conclude, the healthcare models are somewhat different to each other in themselves, and to each its advantages and disadvantages. The Best healthcare model would be a Hybrid that incorporate the best aspects of each model to meet the needs of all layers of the population in the society.

References Global Healthcare: 4 Major National Models and how they work (no date) Vera Whole Health. Available at: https://www.verawholehealth.com/blog/global-healthcare-4-major-national-models- and-how-they-work (Accessed: January 6, 2023). van der Zee, J. and Kroneman, M.W. (2007) Bismarck or Beveridge: A beauty contest between dinosaurs, BMC health services research. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934356/ (Accessed: January 6, 2023). Technical assistance consultant s report - asian development bank (no date). Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/50139/50139-002-tacr-en.pdf (Accessed: January 6, 2023).

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