Guide to Speeches in Debate: Roles and Responsibilities Explained

Day 2 The Speeches

Jim . . . On the board . . . Write a list of the speeches as we go along (have a returner help?) Eg PMC MSB, Prop Contentions LOC Opp Contentions, Refute At the end of class email students with link/request to register for credit.

What is CSI? A so so collection of TV series Collective Security Initiative Claim Support Importance Claim Simple Impact

What is MSB? Manage Sway Belittle Model Stakeholders Burdens Minutes Seconds Business Most Support Burdens

What does the PMC do? Presents new arguments for the topic Speaks second in a debate Refutes other debaters arguments Announces the procedures and management of the debate.

What does the LOC do? Presents the first speech in the debate Announces the Location of Communication for the debate Does a debate loc on which arguments can and can t be presented in the debate Responds to the PMC and makes new arguments

What is CSI? A so so collection of TV series Collective Security Initiative Claim Support Importance Claim Simple Impact

What is MSB? Manage Sway Belittle Model Stakeholders Burdens Minutes Seconds Business Most Support Burdens

What does the PMC do? Presents new arguments for the topic Speaks second in a debate Refutes other debaters arguments Announces the procedures and management of the debate.

What does the LOC do? Presents the first speech in the debate Announces the Location of Communication for the debate Does a debate loc on which arguments can and can t be presented in the debate Responds to the PMC and makes new arguments

BP/Worlds Debate Topic/Motion announced 15 minutes prep (no internet, no coach help) 8 seven minute speeches Questions/Points of Information during speeches Judges rank teams at the end (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) The team with the best supported and most impactful argument(s) should rank best.

1. PMC (gov) PRESENTS The Motion/Topic (exactly as announced) Model (who is the actor & what actor should do) Stakeholders (people/group most important to the topic) Burdens ( the team that proves ____ should win ) New Material (contentions usually with problem, topic solves problem, impact of solving the problem)

PROP NEW MATERIAL MUST SHOW THE TOPIC HAS A SPECIFIC BENEFIT* -- THE TOPIC DOES SOMETHING GOOD Quiz! Which is good Prop New Material? A Forest Thinning is a process of removing fire likely brush B The Forest Service handling of fires needs change so that it addresses the needs of fire personnel C Forest Thinning reduces the chance of excessive forest fires D Forest Thinning works just as well as having a few natural fires. ANSWER IS C!

PTI: PROP NEW MATERIAL PROBLEM: Show there is Problem Forest Fires are a growing problem. TOPIC REDUCES PROBLEM: Show the Topic reduces the Problems Forest thinning reduces forest fires. IMPACT: Show the Problem Hurts People/Life Forest Fires destroy old growth, kill animals, destroy eco- systems. NOW YOU DO A PROP NEW MATERIAL ON THE MOTION: THW CAP PRICES TO REDUCE INFLATION.

2. LOC (opp) PRESENTS New Material (contentions usually showing the topic is harmful/bad/untrue and the impact of this) Respond to the PMC the Model, Stakeholders, and Burdens the New Material in the PMC.

OPP NEW MATERIAL MUST SHOW THE TOPIC CAUSES/INCREASES A SPECIFIC HARM* -- THE TOPIC DOES SOMETHING BAD Quiz! Which is good Prop New Material? A Forest Thinning is a process of removing fire likely brush B Forest Thinning will damage important habitat and eco- systems C The Forest Service has problems running its operations so it won t solve forest fires D Forest Thinning already happens now. ANSWER IS B! Note: You can argue Alternative Action would solve the problem better Note: Want to say Thinning doesn t work/solve? Make that a response to their case not as New Material.

NTI: OPP NEW MATERIAL NOT A PROBLEM Things are not bad now Habitats are surviving TOPIC CAUSES/INCREASES PROBLEM Forest Thinning ruins key habitat growth IMPACT: Show how the problem hurts people/life Ruining Habitats threatens all kinds of wildlife, entire eco- systems NOW YOU DO AN OPP NEW MATERIAL ON THE CAP PRICES MOTION.

AND LETS DO A REFUTATION DRILL You are Opp. Respond to your Positive PROP New Material. Be thinking of these 3 tips as you do that: Tip 1: Say the opposite. It does not stop forest fires because . . . Tip 2: Reduce the impact/importance. Forest fires aren t the grave threat they are a part of nature s cycle. Tip 3: Alternatives different ways to address the problem. We can and should act to reduce climate change not ruin the environment with forest thinning.

3. DPM (gov) New Material (a new additional contention usually with problem, topic solves problem, impact of solving the problem) Respond (respond to the LOC s new material) Defend (defend your PMC s case, model, stakeholder, burdens, material)

DEFEND YOUR PARTNERS ARGUMENTS Your partner presented new material in their speech Your opponent responded Now you need to defend your partner s argument against those responses.

IT ISNT ALWAYS EASY You need to . . . Remind the judge of your argument Respond to their responses Show what is still true about your argument and why that matters.

EXAMPLE . . . In your first speech, your partner argued that forest thinning reduces forest fires Your opponent responded that forest thinning isn t easy to do properly DEFEND YOUR PARTNER S ARGUMENT . . .

EXAMPLE . . . Remind the judge of your argument My partner showed forest thinning reduces fires by removing dangerous brush that acts as tinder for fire Respond to their responses They said forest thinning isn t easy to do. Perhaps but fighting fires and the terrible consequences make it the right thing to do. We can put the time in to make it right to save our eco-systems. Show what is still true about your argument and why that matters. So Forest thinning can work the opposition even admits done right, it can reduce the first of fires. That is important to save habitat and people from the ravages of forest fires running rampant.

NOWYOU DO DEFENSE! Defend your New Material against the responses on the Price Caps Motion. Restate the Argument Respond to the Responses Explain what is still true and its importance.

WHAT IF YOUR OPPONENTS DONT RESPOND? Take HUGE advantage of this. An argument that isn t refuted becomes true for the purposes of the debate AND shows the other team didn t do their debating right. EXAMPLE: My partner showed forest thinning reduces fires by removing dangerous brush that acts as tinder for fire. They did NOT respond to this. They have conceded that forest thinning reduces the risk of fires. That is important to save habitat and people from the ravages of forest fires running rampant.

4. DLO (opp) New Material (a new additional contention usually showing the topic is harmful/bad/untrue and the impact of this) Respond (respond to the DPM s new material) Defend (defend your LOC partner s new material)

5. MG (gov) LIGHT DEFEND: Briefly and LIGHTLY support PMC and DPM stating your view of the debate and how it needs your input NEW MATERIAL: (contentions usually with problem, topic solves problem, impact of solving the problem) RESPOND TO THE DLO (respond to the DLO s new material and lightly the LOC material)

LIGHT DEFENDING Closing teams are on the same side as the opening team on your side. You almost always want to support their arguments. If you don t it is called knifing and many judges will drop you for that. More on that in future days.

LIGHT DEFENDING For now . . . Know that should say something where: You describe their argument (neutrally/slightly positive) You emphasize the new material and focus you will have in the debate EXAMPLE: The Opening Gov focused on fire threats. What needs to be discussed is global climate change and fire eco-system threats. We will be the team that does that.

YOU LIGHT DEFEND NOW You had a Prop Contention for Price Caps (back in the PMC) Now, think of another New Material Contention Lightly Defend by . . . --state a neutral/slightly positive description of your PMC prop contention --Then, argue for your new material/new contention that you are presenting now in the MG.

6. MO (opp) LIGHT DEFEND: Briefly and LIGHTLY support LO and DLO stating your view of the debate and how it needs your input New Material (new contentions usually showing the topic is harmful/bad/untrue and the impact of this) Respond to MG (respond to the MG s new material and lightly the PMC/DPM material)

7. Gov Whip No NEW Arguments except to respond to the MO Respond to the MO s new material List out and defend the Issues/Key Arguments that show the Topic/Motion should be supported HEAVILY emphasize your MG partner s new material and why it is the best supported and most impactful.

WHIP IT! State the Main Reasons/New Material supporting your team in the debate. So, the main reasons are usually based on the new material. Pick the strongest/best ones to address AND ESPECIALLY EMPHASIZE THE NEW MATERIAL YOUR PARTNER JUST PRESENTED. Defend your stance on these issues.

WHIP IT! FIRST, We showed Forest Thinning is needed to combat climate change. We showed it can reduce horrible environmental impacts, is critical to the eco-system, and prevent species extinction. The opening team s arguments about preventing fires is important but it does not get at the world altering changes brought on by global climate change. SECOND, We also showed that Forest Thinning does not have big costs it would be a VERY small slice of the government s budget. Indeed, as we showed, this wise spending spurs jobs and eco friendly economic development. And even with the cost it is worth it to stop the terrible consequences of global climate change on our nation s forests.

NOW YOU DO IT Whip 2 key arguments from your debate arguments you have been working on in class today.

8. Opp Whip No NEW Arguments except to respond to the Gov Whip List out and defend the Issues/Key Arguments that show the Topic/Motion should be rejected Respond/Defend your case against the Gov Whip s arguments HEAVILY emphasize your MO partner s new material and why it is the best supported and most impactful.

POIS Points of Information You ask the speaker a question or make an argument The speaker responds

POINTS OF INFORMATION During each speech, you can and should . . . Ask questions Make points When recognized by an opponent giving a speech.

SIMPLE POI PRACTICE . . . One person presents an argument (not a contention) Another person does a POI IN PERSON: Initiate a POI by standing up ONLINE: Initiate a POI by clicking the POI button in Yaatly. The presenter answers the POI. Then go to the next person s argument with a new POI and answer.

RULES AND TIPS OF POIS Let s advance our POI skills and knowledge . . .

THREE RULES OF POIS 1. You can t do a POI in the first minute nor the last minute of a speech. (that is called Protected time ) 2. POIs can t last longer than 15 seconds. 3. You have to wait 30 seconds to do another POI. After a speaker answers/dismisses a POI, take a short break.

TIPS FOR DOING A POI Ask tough questions Ask about weaknesses/missing things in their argument YES: 20 minutes longer lunch means 20 minutes taken away from the day correct? Avoid asking questions that let your opponent give long, good answers NO: Why is your proposal so good? YES: Where is the proof a longer lunch actually reduced stress?

TIPS FOR DOING A POI Give strong, concisely supported arguments The cost of your proposal is over $30 trillion. That will bankrupt our government ending social services and protection for our country.

TIPS FOR RESPONDING TO A POI Don t interrupt your arguments, don t lose your train of thought. The debater speaking should take the POI at the end of a main argument NO So, this would lead to . . . Oh. Okay, yes, what is your question? YES So, this would lead to . . . Not at this time . . . less heart disease, diabetes and . . .

TIPS FOR RESPONDING TO A POI Use arguments in your speech to respond YES As I noted, longer lunches reduce stress by giving students the time they need. Respond quickly then talk about good arguments for your side YES No, the School District has confirmed it will cost a small amount and the benefits of less stress and quality, healthier eating are so great. AND get back to the next contention/argument you need to address in your speech as soon as possible YES No, that won t upset students they want a longer lunch and now, Contention 2, longer lunches give students more study time . . .

Do it again! Use the Tips Someone Present an argument Others: Do a POI Respond to the POI Go to the next person to present an argument.

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