Health and Safety Investments for Energy-Saving Opportunities
This presentation discusses the importance of health and safety investments to increase energy-saving opportunities, focusing on Low-Income Energy Efficiency programs. It highlights the challenges faced in serving households, such as health and safety issues that prevent the installation of major measures. The methodology used to assess these issues and the frequency of specific health and safety concerns are also outlined, providing insights for making cost-effective investments in this domain.
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Presentation Transcript
Health and Safety Investments to Increase Energy-Saving Opportunities Jackie Berger, APPRISE 2018 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings August 15, 2018
Presentation Overview Columbia Gas LIURP Background Assessing the Problem Current Health and Safety Investments LIURP Savings Results Decision Framework for Additional Health and Safety Investments 2
Columbia Gas Low-Income Programs Pennsylvania Utility Mandated Programs CAP, LIURP, CARES, Hardship Fund LIURP mandated in 1988 Targets CAP customers to reduce ratepayer subsidy Annual Budget $4,750,000 500 550 homes completed annually Company administered, contractor installations 11 contractors did >50 jobs over 3-year period 3
Low-Income EE Challenge Low-Income Energy Efficiency Increased challenges serving households Significant health and safety issues Prevent installation of major measures Lost potential for high-usage customers Health and Safety Investments Where/when can additional cost-effective investments be made? How much can cost-effectively be spent on health & safety? 5
Assessing the Problem Methodology 1. Analyze 2015 LIURP Database Initial indicators of health and safety issues that prevented work 2. Review cancelled job spreadsheet 3. Review job paperwork for 229 jobs Audit form, work scope, measure invoice(s) 122 jobs had at least one H&S issue that prevented work 12% of all 2015 jobs 6
Frequency of Specific Health and Safety Issues Percentage of Health and Safety Issues In Jobs with At Least One Issue Identified 100% 90% 80% 68% 70% 60% 50% 40% 34% 31% 30% 15% 20% 11% 10% 0% Mold or Moisture Knob and Tube Wiring Roof Leak Asbestos/ Vermiculate Sewage Leak Infestation Holes in Attic Floor Structural Issues Clutter Other Issues: 7
Health and Safety Remediation Approach Spend up to $650 for owner or renter Renter spending usually related to HVAC Owner could be roof patch, small amount of mold, etc. Contractors request additional H&S spending Approved based on potential savings 8
Health and Safety Repairs Percentage of 2013-2015 Jobs with H&S Repairs 100% 90% 80% 74% 70% 60% 50% 50% 38% 40% 35% 30% 20% 11% 10% 5% 0% Dryer Venting Miscellaneous Interior Kitchen or Bath Exhaust Roof Any Repair Mean Cost $91 $392 $304 $236 $167 $453 9
Weather-Normalized Energy Savings 2013, 2014, and 2015 jobs Energy savings based on billing data 3-year analysis to allow for disaggregation Pre-treatment usage Contractor Measures Job costs 11
Weather-Normalized Gas Savings Analysis Usage (ccf) Savings Analysis Group Observations Pre Post ccf % 533 1,398 1,449 1,515 1,191 1,211 258** 17.8% 304** 20.1% 2015 2013-2015 **Denotes significance at the 99 percent level. 12
Savings by Pre-Treatment Usage 2013-2015 Job Savings by Pre-Treatment Usage 700 629 600 500 419 412 410 400 345 Savings (ccf) 313 308 301 300 252 245 222 172 200 159 100 0 <1,000 1,001- 1,101- 1,200 1,201- 1,300 1,301- 1,400 Pre-Treatment Usage (ccf) 1,401- 1,500 1,501- 1,600 1,601- 1,700 1,701- 1,800 1,801- 1,900 1,901- 2,000 2,001- 2,200 2,201+ 1,100 13
Savings by Contractor 2013-2015 Job Savings by Contractor 500 433 450 400 336 350 310 296 294 300 275 257 245 Savings (ccf) 233 250 226 201 200 150 100 50 0 108 75 90 102 83 Contractor Code 103 96 77 101 74 28 14
Savings by Total Cost 2013-2015 Job Savings by Total Cost 500 458 450 400 367 350 318 300 Savings (ccf) 233 250 180 200 150 100 50 0 <=$4,000 $4,001-$6,000 $6,001-$8,000 $8,000-$10,000 >$10,000 15
Savings by Leakage Reduction 2015 Job Savings by CFM50 Reduction 400 343 350 300 300 257 250 213 Savings (ccf) 200 150 100 50 0 <=500 500-1,000 1,001-2,000 >2,000 CFM50 Reduction 16
DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR ADDITIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY INVESTMENTS 17
Regression Analysis 2013 - 2015 2013-2015 Participants (1,372 observations) Variable Coefficient 95% Confidence Interval Pre-Treatment Usage (ccf) Home Age Square Feet Blower Door and Air Sealing Cost Heating System Replaced (yes/no) Duct Sealing (yes/no) Contractor #74 Contractor #77 Contractor # 102 Contractor # 103 Constant 0.30 -1.06 -0.09 0.05 154.56 55.80 79.58 73.69 -72.10 -106.37 -73.01 0.27 -1.51 -0.11 0.04 131.84 32.41 36.48 23.52 -119.97 -162.50 -135.24 0.32 -0.61 -0.07 0.05 177.28 79.19 122.67 123.86 -24.22 -50.24 -10.79 18
Decision Framework Determine $ to spend on health and safety Model assumptions o 12-year measure life o Gas price at time of study: $1.04723/therm o 5% discount rate Model calculates o Predicted ccf savings & % savings o Present discounted value of savings o Max that can be spent on H&S 19
Model Scenarios Scenario 1 Calculated Fields (5% Discount) Annual Savings (Therms) Calculated % Savings PDV Savings (Therms) Max Spending Total Non H&S Costs H&S Allowance User Entered Fields Scenario 1 Scenario 1 Pre-Treatment Therms Home Age Square Feet Air seal + Insulation Cost Heat Sys Replace (yes=1) Duct Sealing (yes=1) Contractor 74 Contractor 102 Contractor 77 Contractor 103 Heat Sys Cost Other Non H&S Costs 1,500 50 1,500 $800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $800 214 14% 1,897 $1,986 $1,600 $386 Calculated Fields (No Discount) 12-Year Savings (Therms) Max Spending H&S Allowance Scenario 1 2,568 $2,689 $1,089 20
Model Scenarios Scenario 2 Calculated Fields (5% Discount) Annual Savings (Therms) Calculated % Savings PDV Savings (Therms) Max Spending Total Non H&S Costs H&S Allowance User Entered Fields Scenario 2 Scenario 2 Pre-Treatment Therms Home Age Square Feet Air seal + Insulation Cost Heat Sys Replace (yes=1) Duct Sealing (yes=1) Contractor 74 Contractor 102 Contractor 77 Contractor 103 Heat Sys Cost Other Non H&S Costs 1,600 30 1,250 $1,400 0 1 0 1 0 0 $0 $800 301 19% 2,672 $2,798 $2,200 $598 Calculated Fields (No Discount) 12-Year Savings (Therms) Max Spending H&S Allowance Scenario 2 3,618 $3,789 $1,589 21
Model Scenarios Scenario 3 Calculated Fields (5% Discount) Annual Savings (Therms) Calculated % Savings PDV Savings (Therms) Max Spending Total Non H&S Costs H&S Allowance User Entered Fields Scenario 3 Scenario 3 Pre-Treatment Therms Home Age Square Feet Air seal + Insulation Cost Heat Sys Replace (yes=1) Duct Sealing (yes=1) Contractor 74 Contractor 102 Contractor 77 Contractor 103 Heat Sys Cost Other Non H&S Costs 2,500 100 2,000 $1,000 1 0 0 0 0 0 $3,500 $1,000 578 23% 5,126 $5,368 $5,500 -$132 Calculated Fields (No Discount) 12-Year Savings (Therms) Max Spending H&S Allowance Scenario 3 6,940 $7,267 $1,767 22
Model Scenarios Scenario 4 Calculated Fields (5% Discount) Annual Savings (Therms) Calculated % Savings PDV Savings (Therms) Max Spending Total Non H&S Costs H&S Allowance User Entered Fields Scenario 4 Scenario 4 Pre-Treatment Therms Home Age Square Feet Air seal + Insulation Cost Heat Sys Replace (yes=1) Duct Sealing (yes=1) Contractor 74 Contractor 102 Contractor 77 Contractor 103 Heat Sys Cost Other Non H&S Costs 3,800 100 3,200 $2,700 1 1 1 0 0 0 $3,500 $1,000 1,075 28% 9,527 $9,977 $7,200 $2,777 Calculated Fields (No Discount) 12-Year Savings (Therms) Max Spending H&S Allowance Scenario 4 12,898 $13,507 $6,307 23
Model Scenarios Scenario 5 Calculated Fields (5% Discount) Annual Savings (Therms) Calculated % Savings PDV Savings (Therms) Max Spending Total Non H&S Costs H&S Allowance User Entered Fields Scenario 5 Scenario 5 Pre-Treatment Therms Home Age Square Feet Air seal + Insulation Cost Heat Sys Replace (yes=1) Duct Sealing (yes=1) Contractor 74 Contractor 102 Contractor 77 Contractor 103 Heat Sys Cost Other Non H&S Costs 5,000 100 3,200 $5,000 1 1 0 0 1 0 $3,500 $2,000 1,536 31% 13,615 $14,258 $10,500 $3,758 Calculated Fields (No Discount) 12-Year Savings (Therms) Max Spending H&S Allowance Scenario 5 18,434 $19,305 $8,805 24
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25
Summary and Recommendations Potential to spend more on health and safety Still achieve cost-effective savings For homes with high pre-treatment usage Potential results High energy savings Reduced costs for ratepayers for CAP participants Increased affordability when customer leaves CAP Recommendation Pilot approach for high-usage homes with significant H&S barriers Assess savings 26
APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL DATA 27
Health and Safety Spending Distribution Repair Cost (For 2013-2015 Jobs with Repair) Repair Issue Percentile 50 $90 $102 $153 Mean Min $10 $0 $8 10 $57 $31 $75 25 $75 $48 $112 75 $91 $239 $1,388 $6,464 $345 $684 90 $119 Max $635 Dryer Venting Miscellaneous Interior Kitchen or Bath Exhaust Roof Total Any Repair $91 $392 $304 $2,654 $125 $202 $350 $420 $1,016 $236 $28 $82 $85 $105 $85 $230 $170 $440 $1,025 $6,625 $370 $850 $167 $453 $20 $0 $70 $80 28
Savings by Pre-Treatment Usage 2013-2015 Participants Total Cost Pre $5,514 927 $4,935 1,049 $5,672 1,151 $5,307 1,249 $5,288 1,349 $5,574 1,448 $5,135 1,547 $5,217 1,648 $5,130 1,746 $5,648 1,847 $6,169 1,947 $6,408 2,082 $7,601 2,627 Pre-Treatment Usage (ccf) <1,000 1,001-1,100 1,101-1,200 1,201-1,300 1,301-1,400 1,401-1,500 1,501-1,600 1,601-1,700 1,701-1,800 1,801-1,900 1,901-2,000 2,001-2,200 2,201+ Usage (ccf) Savings ccf 159** 17.2% 172** 16.4% 222** 19.3% 245** 19.6% 252** 18.7% 301** 20.8% 313** 20.2% 308** 18.7% 345** 19.8% 410** 22.2% 412** 21.2% 419** 20.1% 629** 23.9% Obs. Post 767 877 929 1,004 1,097 1,147 1,234 1,340 1,402 1,436 1,535 1,663 1,999 % 104 122 118 136 159 125 151 112 89 67 54 60 101 **Denotes significance at the 99 percent level. 29
Savings by Contractor 2013-2015 Participants Usage (ccf) Pre $8,184 1,573 $4,968 1,528 $8,322 1,478 $7,836 1,458 $5,160 1,436 $7,046 1,420 $5,105 1,619 $5,979 1,467 $8,052 1,317 $5,445 1,526 $7,677 1,716 $7,852 1,558 Contractor Code Savings ccf 433** 257** 310** 336** 294** 233** 245** 296** 201** 226** 275** 253** Obs. Mean Cost Post 1,140 1,270 1,168 1,121 1,141 1,187 1,374 1,171 1,116 1,299 1,441 1,306 % 28 83 101 74 96 90 102 77 108 75 103 Others **Denotes significance at the 99 percent level. 306 169 121 108 98 96 81 78 76 66 57 142 27.5% 16.8% 21.0% 23.1% 20.5% 16.4% 15.1% 20.2% 15.3% 14.8% 16.0% 16.2% 30
Savings by Total Cost Usage (ccf) Savings Mean Total Cost Total Cost Obs. Pre Post ccf % <=$4,000 $4,001-$6,000 $6,001-$8,000 $8,000-$10,000 >$10,000 264 336 320 230 248 $2,806 $5,112 $6,970 $8,898 $12,288 1,492 1,505 1,511 1,504 1,571 1,312 1,272 1,192 1,137 1,113 180** 233** 318** 367** 458** 12.1% 15.5% 21.1% 24.4% 29.2% **Denotes significance at the 99 percent level. 31
Savings by Leakage Reduction 2015 Participants Usage (ccf) Pre $7,183 1,437 $6,771 1,430 $7,373 1,408 $8,880 1,585 $7,537 1,461 CFM50 Reduction Savings ccf 213** 14.8% 257** 17.9% 300** 21.3% 343** 21.6% 273** 18.7% Mean Total Cost Obs. Post 1,224 1,174 1,107 1,242 1,188 % <=500 500-1,000 1,001-2,000 >2,000 All 140 80 111 96 427 **Denotes significance at the 99 percent level. 32
Measure Costs Individual Measures Percentile Measures Mean Min Max P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 Blower Door Air Sealing $147 $0 $0 $0 $0 $150 $424 $3,395 Insulation $2,012 $0 $0 $302 $1,686 $3,260 $4,664 $10,514 BD Air Seal+Insul $2,159 $0 $0 $487 $1,850 $3,439 $4,817 $10,854 Duct Sealing $84 $0 $0 $0 $0 $89 $180 $6,700 Heating System Repair $162 $0 $0 $0 $0 $80 $529 $7,269 Heating System Replacement $1,557 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,950 $4,550 $10,375 Health and Safety Costs $333 $0 $0 $0 $140 $324 $774 $6,625 33
Measure Costs Totals Percentile Measures Mean Min Max P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 Total Costs Air Sealing Insulation Total Costs Air Sealing Insulation Duct Sealing Total Costs Health & Safety Total Costs $4,839 $0 $1,801 $2,770 $4,293 $6,376 $8,384 $20,302 $4,755 $0 $1,781 $2,688 $4,226 $6,285 $8,296 $20,302 $6,664 $0 $2,875 $4,387 $6,333 $8,583 $10,685 $23,390 $6,998 $0 $3,056 $4,656 $6,592 $8,930 $11,258 $23,597 34
Jobs with Measure Percentage of 2013-2015 Jobs with Measure 100% 90% 80% 80% 74% 70% 60% 50% 44% 43% 39% 40% 30% 23% 20% 10% 0% Blower Door Air Sealing Insulation Duct Sealing Heating System Repair Heating System Replacement Health & Safety 35
Measure Costs Jobs with Measure Cost Statistics for 2013- 2015 Jobs with Measure Measures Mean P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 Blower Door Air Sealing Insulation Duct Sealing Heating System Repair Heating System Replacement Health & Safety Total Costs $334 $2,520 $215 $580 $3,635 $2,483 $2,760 $3,162 $4,458 $453 $80 $105 $7,013 $3,094 $4,688 $6,602 $8,946 $11,258 $75 $483 $65 $80 $150 $1,151 $2,292 $3,655 $85 $134 $175 $361 $170 $377 $725 $4,883 $381 $1,361 $5,560 $1,025 $180 $696 $230 $440 36
