Health Promotion Strategies in Uzbekistan

VOP role in preservation of health of the population Occupation No. 3 Senior teacher Stozharova N. K.

According to the program of reforming of health system in the Republic of Uzbekistan improvement of health of the population is recognized as a strategic objective for all system of services on health protection. The strategic triad of development of health system includes: Development of preventive medicine Introduction of the concept of ZOZh for all segments of the population Improvement of quality of medical services

In Uzbekistan, as a result of actions for reforming of health system, the harmonous system of the service which is carrying out actions for formation of a healthy lifestyle in all territory of the country is created. For development of strategy of preventive medicine and introduction of a healthy lifestyle, in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan unitary enterprise 2107 in 2001 is created No. Institute of Health. In 2005 for increase of efficiency of activity the Institute of Health was combined with RIATs. Under the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 3923 of 19.09.07 the Institute is renamed into Institute of Health and medical statistics

Each health worker in Uzbekistan by order of Ministry of Health No. besides carrying out individual conversations with patients and their relatives is obliged monthly 4 hours from the general budget of working hours to spend for carrying out group and mass forms of promotion of a healthy lifestyle. It is difficult to overestimate VOP role in questions of hygienic education of the population. By the nature of the activity of VOP perfectly understands living conditions of the population on the site, in structure of the population, its incidence, social needs, problems of an ecological situation, etc. On education level he is the broad specialist who is perfectly understanding many diseases of adults and children. Systematic work of the doctor on FZOZh at various levels can bring considerable results in the field. Distinguish individual, family, public, regional, regional, National and international level of the solution of problems on FZOZh.

Examples of actions of FZOZh at various levels on fight against smoking/consumption of tobacco products: LEVEL EXAMPLE OF ACTION FOR FZOZH AT THIS LEVEL The individual Individual consultation on the smoking termination. The family The invitation of two spouses to visit group for smokers. The public Work with Makhalya Fund, Departments of Education and representatives of clergy for carrying out educational programs for any consumption of tobacco among community Work with regional council for expansion of "non-smoking" zones. The regional The regional Regional campaign of TV advertizing for promotion of "non- smoking" rules. National Impact on the government on supervision of financing of actions of the tobacco companies. The international Introduction of the Framework Convention by World Health Organization on fight against tobacco for supervision of smoking.

The factors defining a healthy lifestyle. Health - invaluable property not only each person, but also all society. At meetings, partings with relatives and dear people we wish them a kind and good health as it is the main condition and pledge of full-fledged and happy life. Health helps us to implement our plans, successfully to solve the main vital objectives, to overcome difficulties and if it is necessary, and considerable overloads. The kind health which is reasonably kept and strengthened by the person provides it long and active life. Scientific data testify that most of people at observance of hygienic rules by them has an opportunity to live till 100 years and more. Unfortunately, many people do not respect the protozoa proved by science of the rules of a healthy lifestyle. One become the victims of low-mobility (hypodynamia) causing presenilation, others go to excess in food with almost inevitable development of obesity in these cases, a sclerosis of vessels, and at some - diabetes, the third are not able to have a rest, distract from production and household cares, are eternally uneasy, nervna, have sleeplessness that finally leads to numerous diseases of an internal. Some people, giving in to an addiction to smoking and alcohol, actively shorten the life.

WORK-REST SCHEDULE Work - a true core and a basis of the mode of healthy human life. There is the wrong opinion on the harmful action of work causing allegedly "wear" of an organism, an excessive expense of forces and resources, presenilation. Work both physical, and intellectual not only is not harmful, but, on the contrary, systematic, feasible, and well organized labor process extremely well influences nervous system, heart and vessels, the bone and muscular device - on all human body. Continuous training in the course of work strengthens our body. Long the one who much and well works during all life .naprotiv lives, inaction results in slackness of muscles, a metabolic disorder, obesity and premature aging. Not work, but the wrong mode of work is guilty of the observed cases of an overstrain and overfatigue of the person. It is necessary to distribute correctly and skillfully forces during performance of work both physical, and intellectual. Uniform, rhythmical work is more productive and more useful to health working, than change of the periods of idle time by the periods of hard, urgent work. Interesting and favourite work is performed easily, without tension, does not cause fatigue and exhaustion. The right choice of a profession according to individual abilities and tendencies of the person is important.

The convenient working form is important for the worker, he has to be well instructed concerning safety measures. directly before work it is important to organize the workplace: to move away all superfluous, it is most rational to arrange all tools, etc. Illumination of a workplace has to be sufficient and uniform. The local light source, for example, a desk lamp is more preferable. It is better to begin performance of work with the most difficult. It trains and strengthens will. Does not allow to postpone difficult affairs since morning for evening, since evening for the morning, with today for tomorrow and in general in a long box. Necessary condition of preservation of health in the course of work is alternation of work and rest. Rest after work does not mean a condition of absolute rest at all. Only at very big exhaustion can there be a speech about passive rest. It is desirable that nature of rest was opposite to kind of work of the person (the "contrast" principle of creation of rest). The rest which is not connected with additional physical activities is necessary for people of physical work, and a certain physical activity is necessary for workers of brainwork in a leisure-time. Such alternation of physical and intellectual activities is useful for health. The person much time spending indoors has to spend at least part of time of rest in the fresh air. It is desirable for city dwellers to have a rest out of rooms - on walks on the city and in the country, in parks, at stadiums, in hikes at excursions, behind work on garden sites, etc.

DREAM MODE The full-fledged dream is of great importance for preservation of normal activity of nervous system and all organism. The great Russian physiologist I. P. Pavlov specified that the dream is some kind of braking which protects nervous system from the excessive tension and exhaustion. The dream has to be rather long and deep. If the person sleeps a little, he gets up in the morning angry, broken, and sometimes with a headache. To define time necessary for a dream, without exception to people it is impossible for all. The need for a dream at different people is not identical. This norm averages about 8 hours. Unfortunately, some people consider a dream as a reserve from which it is possible to borrow time for performance of these or those affairs. The systematic sleep debt leads to violation of nervous activity, decrease in working capacity, increased fatigue, irritability. To create conditions for a normal, sound and quiet sleep it is necessary for 1-1,5ch. to a dream to stop hard mental work. It is necessary to have supper not later than 2-2,5ch. To a dream. It is important for full digestion of food. It is necessary to sleep in well aired room, it is quite good to accustom to sleep at an open window leaf, and in a warm season with an open window. Indoors it is necessary to turn off the light and to establish silence. The nightclothes have to be free, not complicating blood circulation. it is impossible to sleep in outerwear. it is not recommended to be closed by a blanket with the head, to sleep facedown: it interferes with normal breath. It is desirable to go to bed at the same time is promotes fast falling asleep. The neglect these elementary rules of hygiene of a dream causes the negative phenomena. The dream becomes superficial and restless owing to what, as a rule, sleeplessness, these or those frustration in activity of nervous system develops over time

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY For workers of brainwork systematic exercises and sport gain exclusive value. It is known, what even at the healthy and not old person if he is not trained, conducts, sedentary, the way of life and does not go in for physical culture, at the smallest physical activities breath becomes frequent, there is a heartbeat. On the contrary, the trained person easily copes with considerable physical activities. Force and operability of a cardiac muscle, the main engine of blood circulation, is in direct dependence at most and developments of all muscles. Therefore physical training, developing muscles of a body, at the same time strengthens a cardiac muscle. People with undeveloped muscles have a heart muscle weak that comes to light at any physical activity. The physical culture and sport are very useful also to persons of physical work as their work is quite often connected with loading of any separate group of muscles, but not all muscles in general. Physical training strengthens and develops skeletal muscles, a cardiac muscle, vessels, respiratory system and many other bodies that considerably facilitates operation of the device of blood circulation, well influences nervous system. Daily morning gymnastics - an obligatory minimum of physical training. It has to become for all the same habit, as washing in the mornings. Physical exercises should be carried out in well aired room or in the fresh air. For people, leaders, sedentary, a way of life, physical exercises on air (walking, walk) are especially important. It is useful to go for work on foot in the mornings and to walk in the evening after work. Systematic walking well influences the person, improves health, increases working capacity. Walking is slozhnokoordinirovanny it is carried out by the motive act operated by nervous system with the participation of almost all muscular device of our body. It as loading can be dosed precisely and gradually, systematically to increase on speed and volume in the absence of other physical activities the daily minimum norm of loading only walking for the young man makes 15 km., smaller loading is connected with development of a hypodynamia. Thus, daily stay in the fresh air within 1-1,5 hours is one of important components of a healthy lifestyle. During the work walk in the evening, before going to bed indoors is especially important. Such walk as part of necessary day training is useful to all. It removes stress of day of work, calms the excited nervous centers, regulates breath. It is better to carry out walks by the principle of cross walking: 0,5 - 1 km a walking slow step, then as much - a fast sports pace, etc.

DAILY ROUTINE The special place in the mode of healthy life belongs to a daily routine, a certain rhythm of life and activity of the person. Regime of each person has to provide certain time for work, rest, meal, a dream. The daily routine at different people can and has to be a miscellaneous depending on kind of work, living conditions, habits and tendencies, however and there has to be a certain daily rhythm and a daily routine. It is necessary to provide sufficient time for a dream, rest. Breaks between meals should not exceed 5-6 hours. It is very important that the person slept and ate food always at the same time. Thus conditioned reflexes are developed. The person having dinner in strictly certain time well knows that by this time it has an appetite which is replaced by feeling of strong hunger if the lunch is late. The disorder in a day regimen destroys the formed conditioned reflexes. Speaking about a daily routine strict schedules with constantly calculated budget of time for each business for every day do not mean. It is not necessary to bring excessive pedantry the mode to a caricature. However the schedule is a peculiar core on which carrying out both everyday, and the days off has to be based.

HARDENING Important preventive measure against catarrhal diseases is the systematic hardening of an organism. It is best of all to start it from children's age. The easiest way of a hardening - air bathtubs. In system of a hardening also water procedures are of great importance. they strengthen nervous system, have beneficial influence on heart and vessels, normalizing arterial pressure, improve a metabolism. At first it is recommended to pound within several days a naked body a dry towel, then to pass to damp rubdowns. After damp rubdown it is necessary to pound vigorously a body a dry towel. To start being rubbed off follows warm water (35-36 C), gradually passing to cool, and then - to douches. It is better to carry out water procedures in the fresh air after morning exercises in the summer. It is useful to happen as much as possible in the fresh air, to sunbathe, bathe. Physically healthy and tempered people at observance of certain conditions can carry out water procedures out of rooms and in the winter. First of all the food has to be various and full, i.e. contain in the necessary quantity and in certain ratios all main nutrients. It is impossible to allow an overeating: it conducts to obesity. Also food with systematic introduction of unreasonable quantities of any one product or feedstuffs of one class is very unhealthy (for example, plentiful introduction of fats or carbohydrates, the increased consumption of table salt). Intervals between meals should not be too big (no more than 5-6 h.) . Harmfully to eat food only 2 times a day, but in the excessive portions since it creates too big loading for blood circulation. To the healthy person 3-4 times per day are better to eat. At three meals a day the lunch, and most easy - a dinner has to be the most nourishing. Harmfully during food to read, solve complex and responsible challenges. It is impossible to hurry, eat, burning cold food, to swallow of big pieces of food, without chewing. Badly the systematic food a vsukhomyatka influences an organism. without hot dishes. It is necessary to follow rules of personal hygiene and sanitation. The person neglecting a diet is threatened by development of such serious illnesses of digestion, as, for example, stomach ulcer over time, etc. The careful chewing, crushing of food to a certain extent protects a mucous membrane of digestive bodies from mechanical damages, scratches and, besides, promotes fast penetration of juice into depth of food weight. It is necessary to watch constantly a dental health and a mouth. So, each person has great opportunities for strengthening and maintenance of the health, for preservation of working capacity, physical activity and cheerfulness to extreme old age.

Gymnastics In Ancient Greece long time athletes spoke at competitions in one easy raincoats. Once one of winners of competitions during run lost a raincoat, and all decided that without raincoat it was easier for it to run. Since then all participants of competitions began to come naked to the arena. In Greek "bared" "gimnos"; from there was a word "gymnastics" to which in the ancient time carried all types of physical exercises. Presently gymnastics call system of specially picked up physical exercises and methodical receptions applied to all-round physical development, improvement of motive abilities and improvement. The gymnastics has many versions, and acquaintance to them we will begin with charging. "The best means from an illness is not present do exercises till an old age of years" the ancient Indian proverb says. And charging it is accepted to call 10 15-minute morning hygienic exercises which is carried out after a dream. She helps an organism to pass quicker from a passive state to active, necessary for work, creates good mood and gives a cheerfulness charge. Therefore it is useful to carry out gymnastic exercises not only in the morning, but also in the afternoon for what at many enterprises the production gymnastics is entered. Before work within 7 10 min. the complex of the elementary exercises preparing an organism for the forthcoming work (introduction gymnastics), and then two times is carried out (till a lunch) at the enterprises the call is distributed, production stops and begins 5 a 7-minute sports pause: workers and employees carry out the gymnastic exercises which are specially picked up for each profession. Giving rest to nervous system, these exercises remove fatigue and promote high performance.

Judge on yourself: when, studying house lessons, you should sit long at a table, over time there is a desire to stretch (and such movement gymnastics) or to walk on the room. And workers have over time a requirement to change position of a body, "to knead stones" and at least minute to take rest. For them a sports pause big help, and workers of many professions during change carry out on 3 5 individual fizkultminutok. Absolutely other business professional and applied gymnastics: regular trainings specially picked up exercises provide mainly development of those groups of muscles and motive. skills which are necessary for faster mastering labor skill in certain professions. And at all schools and educational institutions there is an obligatory subject the main gymnastics. In its program training in applied movement skills (walking, run, jumps, a lasagna, throwings, overcoming of various obstacles, balance, carrying of freight), and also to simple gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. The so-called fitness training (that that is transmitted on TV) intended for independent occupations at a leisure also belongs to the main gymnastics. It is necessary for those who cannot visit occupation of group of health for some reason or other. Training of each athlete by all means joins occupations by the sports and auxiliary gymnastics developing the certain physical qualities necessary for different types of sport. Component of physical preparation in Armed Forces is the military and applied gymnastics. Its task all- round development of physical abilities to fast actions in a military situation taking into account specifics of military specialties. And who wants to find a slim figure with the beautiful, boldly allocated muscles, that does athletic gymnastics. It consists of the all-developing exercises with subjects burdenings (metal sticks, dumbbells, rubber shock-absorbers, expanders, weights, block devices, etc.) and without subjects. At the same time occupations are provided by the different types of sport giving versatile physical preparation. At last, remedial gymnastics is urged to restore mobility of the damaged parts of a body and to eliminate the constitution defects which appeared as a result of wounds, injuries or diseases. Besides the all-developing and applied types of gymnastics there are three more of its sports versions.

Criteria of an assessment of overall performance on formation of a healthy lifestyle 1. The indicators characterizing dynamics of level of health Decrease in incidence or recurrence of the chronic diseases caused by a behavioural factor (cardiovascular, digestive organs, breath, malignant new growths). 2. Indicators of hygienic behavior of the population: Refusal of smoking Decrease in consumption of alcohol Decrease in the body weight index (BWI) Decrease in arterial hypertension Increase of medical activity (change of terms of negotiability behind medical care, change of activity in professional surveys). 3. Indicators of level of hygienic knowledge: Knowledge of the population of measures of prevention of diseases and strengthening of health.

Registration documentation of medical institution for fixation of work on FZOZh 038/at "Magazine of registration of sanitary and educational work" 025-2/at "The statistical coupon for record of final diagnoses" 060/at "Log-book of infectious diseases" 047/at "The card preventively examined for the purpose of identification" Reporting documentation of medical institution for fixation of work on FZOZh "The report on actions for promotion of a healthy lifestyle" 49-is sensible "The report on activity of branch of Zdorovye institute (the center of health)" 50-is sensible "The report on the diseases registered at the patients living in the area of service of medical institution" 12-is sensible "The report on activity of LPU" 3-is sensible "The report on separate infectious and parasitic diseases" 6-is sensible "The report on malignant new growths" 7-is sensible

Conclusion. Health - invaluable property not only each person, but also all society. At meetings, partings with relatives and dear people we wish them a kind and good health as it is the main condition and pledge of full-fledged and happy life. Health helps us to implement our plans, successfully to solve the main vital objectives, to overcome difficulties and if it is necessary, and considerable overloads. The kind health which is reasonably kept and strengthened by the person provides it long and active life. Scientific data testify that most of people at observance of hygienic rules by them has an opportunity to live till 100 years and more. Unfortunately, many people do not respect the protozoa proved by science of the rules of a healthy lifestyle. One become the victims of low-mobility (hypodynamia) causing presenilation, others go to excess in food with almost inevitable development of obesity in these cases, a sclerosis of vessels, and at some - diabetes, the third are not able to have a rest, distract from production and household cares, are eternally uneasy, nervna, have sleeplessness that finally leads to numerous diseases of an internal. Some people, giving in to an addiction to smoking and alcohol, actively shorten the life. And so, let's think over once again the vital tasks and the purposes, having allocated thereby time for strengthening of the health.