Hebrew Prepositions: Types, Forms, and Functions Explained
Discover the different types of Hebrew prepositions - independent, Maqqef, and inseparable - and how they function similarly to English prepositions. Dive into the forms, types, and functions of Hebrew prepositions with detailed explanations and examples provided by Dr. Esa Autero in this introductory Hebrew class. Enhance your understanding of prepositions in Hebrew through images and clear explanations.
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LAN 404 BEGINNING HEBREW I Class V: Prepositions Dr. Esa Autero
Prepositions 1.1 Introduction Prepositions in English Used to describe relationship between words The book is on the table; I am going to school etc. The word following the preposition is called the object of the preposition Prepositions in Hebrew Function in a same way as English prepositions Three types of Hebrew prepositions: 1) Independent prepositions (majority) 2) Maqqef prepositions 3) Inseparable prepositions
Prepositions 2.1 Forms types, and functions of Hebrew prepositions 1) Independent prepositions Most prepositions stand alone independent prepositions (like in English) before the king under the tree after the flood between the waters
Prepositions 2) Maqqef prepositions Almost always connected to their objects via Maqqef line (raised line) Most common prepositions in this category: - on, upon, concerning - to, toward - until, as far as - from upon the stone to the temple as far as the river from the land
Prepositions 3) Inseparable prepositions Prefixed to the their objects never occur independently Inseparable prepositions in, by, with (15,559x)* to, for (20.321x) like, as, according to (30,53x) a) Before most consonants, the inseparable preposition w/ vocal Shewa In a field For a young man Like a king
Prepositions b) Before a reduced or Hateph vowel Corresponding short vowel of the Hateph vowel (cf. conjunction rule) Like men In truth For sickness c) Before consonants with Vocal Shewa Hireq* For prophets For a covenant
Prepositions d) In nouns with the definite article Vowel and Dagesh Forte retained but the - disappears A field The field In the field A fire The fire In the fire A boy The boy For the boy A king The king Like the king
Prepositions The form of the preposition Occurs as Maqqef or as inseparable preposition As Maqqef preposition from the house from the queen As inseparable preposition Generally assimilates into the first consonant & Daghesh Forte is added from a king from a king
Prepositions In separable form of a) Inseparable + begadkephat consonant Dagesh Lene becomes Forte a house from a house Daghesh Forte represents the assimilated of the preposition b) Inseparable + guttural Daghesh Forte rejected, hireq lengthens to tsere from a man from a city c) Inseparable + a word w/ Daghesh Forte rejected virtual doubling is prefixed to a word with definite article is retained from the land from the land and begadkephat consonants from outside from a sword When When is prefixed to a word with definite article is retained
Prepositions The use of the preposition Special uses of (occurs 7,592x in HB.*) a) Comparative use is often used to indicate comparative or better than idea Literally: Wisdom is good from gold Meaning: Wisdom is better than gold Comparative idea also communicates the idea of too for Literally: The work is difficult from the men Meaning: The work is too difficult for the men
Prepositions b) Superlative use can be used with (all, each, every) to form superlative Literally: clever from every living thing of the field Superlative: the most clever living thing of the field c) Partitive use expresses part or portion of something Literally: from a fruit Partitively: some (of the) fruit Literally: from the men Partitively: some (of the) men
Prepositions The definitive object marker Direct object word that receives the action of the verb God created the earth what is the direct object of the sentence? Earth is the direct object (also definite since it has the ) / In Hebrew the definite direct object marker is / is also a preposition with Context will tell you which one He wrote the words in the book
Prepositions More examples God created the heavens The prophet gave the book to the king The king built the great temple
Prepositions The king observed the commandment and the law David loved Jonathan The king gave his laws to the people
Prepositions If the direct object marker is not definite, definite object marker not used The king built a great temple The young man built a small house in the city
Prepositions Practice Workbook, p 25-26 Inseparable prepositions, no: 1-7 Prepositions, no: 1-8 Homework Workbook Bible Translation p. 27-28, no: 1-10 Practice letters and reading (out loud) e.g. words on vocabulary & workbook EXAM I Next week (Tue 9/29/2015) Chapters 1-6 Basic grammar: Nouns (words in sg./pl., masc./fem.) Recognition of definite article, conjunction waw & prepositions Vocabulary Translation sentences similar to what is found in the workbook
