High Inequality and School Quality in South Africa
Examining the relationship between income distribution, labor market returns, and school quality in South Africa, focusing on the impact of education on social mobility, wage inequality, and overall inequality. The dualistic school system and labor market structure are analyzed to understand the disparities in productivity, incomes, and educational outcomes among different socio-economic groups.
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Presentation Transcript
ETS TALK ABOUT The Pronunciation of /l/ Gerber Luca
Pronounce these words: Life Could Feel Black Helmet Palm Milk Golf Field Alone Miles Illiterate Calm Walk Spleen Wales Ugly Culture Long Influence Half Apply Albert Legitimate
Put them into groups Dark L Silent L Clear L Milk Field Golf Albert Culture Helmet Feel Miles Wales Calm Could Walk Palm Half Life Long Legitmate Black Ugly Spleen Influence Apply Illiterate Alone
/l/ Has Two Allophones An allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language The sound is articulated when air passes over the back of the tongue instead of merely alongside the tip of the tongue. While the back of the tongue is high, the center of the tongue dips lower. The tip of the tongue may point upward, but does not necessarily touch the inside of the mouth. The tip of the tongue is placed against the middle of the tooth ridge. The sound is created when air travels alongside the tip of the tongue, between the front of the tongue and the side teeth.
The Hungarian pronunciation of /l/ L b Sz ll Lesz Spiritualit s Clear L L k Unalom Besz l lom P l D lben
Dark L l is pronounced with a velar gesture dark l It sounds as if an [o]-like vowel was inserted before it milk / m o k / feel / fi:o / [ ] may even disappear l is replaced by a vowel L-vocalization
Cockney - Homophones Salt Sort Fault Fought Paul s Pause Walter Water
When is /l/ realised as clear? Life Long Legitmate Black Ugly Spleen Influence Apply Illiterate Alone Before a vowel
When is /l/ realised as dark? Milk Field Golf Albert Culture Helmet Feel Miles Wales Before a consonant End of the word
Does it really matter? Dictionaries do not show the difference between clear /l/ and dark /l/ Life Culture / la f / / k l / http://www.pronuncian.com/Lessons/Default.aspx?Lesson=144
Lets practise You old fool, they ll kill you if you always trouble them! Gerald walked alone till about half past twelve. People are awfully lazy in the middle of July.
