High-Precision Mass Measurements at FRIB: Insights and Discoveries
Delve into the world of high-precision mass measurements near nuclear driplines at FRIB, uncovering nuclear structure and astrophysical insights through cutting-edge research. Explore the challenges, successes, and future prospects in this dynamic field supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
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Pushing the Boundaries at FRIB: High-Precision Mass Measurements Near The Driplines Franziska Maria Maier Research Associate maierf@frib.msu.edu Talk at INPC 2025, 30thMay 2025 This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and used resources of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Operations, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Award Number DE-SC0023633.
Outline Mass measurements close to driplines of high interest for nuclear structure and astrophysics investigations Very challenging due to low production rates, short half lives and beam contamination At FRIB, we could measure masses of 4 nuclei within last year: 22Al: S.E. Campbell et al., PRL 132, 152501 (2024). 103Sn: C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). 101Sn: C.M. Ireland et al., in preparation. 23Si: F.M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. Future upgrades ongoing at FRIB to access most exotic nuclides LEBIT s 9.4 T Penning trap Slide 2
Mass Measurements at FRIB can be Performed with LEBIT s Penning Trap ?=? ?? Slide 3
Four Successful Mass Measurements Were Conducted at FRIB Within Last Year Impacting Nuclear Structure Investigations 22Al: S.E. Campbell et al., PRL 132, 152501 (2024). 103Sn: C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). 101Sn: C.M. Ireland et al., in preparation. PI-ICR measurement of 101Sn: 23Si: F.M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. ToF-ICR measurement of 103Sn: 3180 detected ions 130 detected ions Slide 4
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Reveal Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics Insights Restore smoothness of the mass surface C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 5
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Reveal Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics Insights Restore smoothness of the mass surface Constrain the masses of seven parent alpha/proton emitters C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 6
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Reveal Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics Insights Restore smoothness of the mass surface Constrain the masses of seven parent alpha/proton emitters Provide anchor points for mass models to make reliable predictions near the drip line C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 7
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Provide Anchor Points for Mass Models to Make Reliable Predictions Near the Drip Lines Bayesian Model Combination (BMC) performs a statistical mixing of various global models using machine learning C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 8
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Provide Anchor Points for Mass Models to Make Reliable Predictions Near the Drip Lines Bayesian Model Combination (BMC) performs a statistical mixing of various global models using machine learning. Our 101,103Sn masses within 1 of the BMC predictions C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 9
High-Precision Mass Measurements of 101,103Sn Provide Anchor Points for Mass Models to Make Reliable Predictions Near the Drip Lines preliminary preliminary Bayesian Model Combination (BMC) performs a statistical mixing of various global models using machine learning. Our 101,103Sn masses within 1 of the BMC predictions BMC predictions with/without our new data are consistent Provides confidence down to the drip line Marks the two-proton drip line at 97Sn C.M. Ireland et al., In preparation. (FRIB, E21049) Slide 10
Masses of Neutron-Deficient sd Shell Nuclei are in Excellent Agreement with Shell Model Calculations Isospin Symmetry Breaking is Well Described Recent mass measurements: 35Ca (indirect, GANIL): L. Lalanne et al., PRL 131, 092501 (2023) 34K (indirect, NSCL/FRIB): N. Dronchi et al, PRC 110, L031302 (2024) 26P, 27,28S, 23Si, 31Ar (direct, CSRe): Y. Yu et al., PRL 133, 222501 (2024) 23Si (direct, FRIB): F. M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. 21Al (indirect, GSI): D. Kostyleva et al., PRC 110, L031301 (2024) 22Al (direct, FRIB): S.E. Campbell et al, PRL 132, 152501 (2024) F. M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. (FRIB, E21015) Slide 11
Masses of Neutron-Deficient sd Shell Nuclei are in Excellent Agreement with Shell Model Calculations Isospin Symmetry Breaking is Well Described E = binding energy difference between mirror nuclei e.g. E = binding energy of 23Si binding energy of 23F Slide 12
Masses of Neutron-Deficient sd Shell Nuclei are in Excellent Agreement with Shell Model Calculations Isospin Symmetry Breaking is Well Described E = binding energy difference between mirror nuclei e.g. E = binding energy of 23Si binding energy of 23F Slide 13 F. M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. (E21015)
Masses of Neutron-Deficient sd Shell Nuclei are in Excellent Agreement with Shell Model Calculations Isospin Symmetry Breaking is Well Described E = binding energy difference between mirror nuclei e.g. E = binding energy of 23Si binding energy of 23F Overall good agreement between USDC shell-model calculations [1] and experimental values Isospin symmetry breaking effects for sd-shell nuclei are theoretically well described even for high isospin values up to T=5/2 Largest isospin symmetry breaking effect is Coulomb interaction [1] A. Magilligan and B. A. Brown, PRC 101, 064312 (2020). Slide 14 F. M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. (E21015)
Outline Mass measurements close to driplines of high interest for nuclear structure and astrophysics investigations Very challenging due to low production rates, short half lives and beam contamination At FRIB, we could measure masses of 4 nuclei within last year: 22Al: S.E. Campbell et al., PRL 132, 152501 (2024). 103Sn: C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). 101Sn: C.M. Ireland et al., in preparation. 23Si: F.M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. Future upgrades ongoing at FRIB to access most exotic nuclides Slide 15
Development of an MR-ToF Device Extend Reach of Mass Measurement Program at FRIB Area around 78Ni, 100Sn, and 132Sn Push towards 60Ca (Z=20, N=40) N=28 shell closure for Z<17 Halo Nuclei (14Be,17B,20C,22C) Neutron-rich nuclei impacting r-process Mass measurements of isomers (astromers) Slide 16
Development of an MR-ToF Device Provide Isobarically and Isomerically Purified Ion Beams Many decay spectroscopy experiments require isomerically purified ion beams LEBIT Penning trap can provide isomerically pure beams, e.g. 70Cu for SuN++ However, with the LEBIT Penning trap only 10 ions/s could be purified whereas 10,000 ions/s would have been available FRIB s MR-ToF device will overcome this shortcoming LEBIT 9.4 T Penning trap SuN++ E.K. Ronning et al., submitted to NIMA. E.K. Ronning et al., submitted to PLB. (FRIB, E23004) Slide 17
Development of an MR-ToF Device Extend FRIB s Mass Measurement and Separation Capabilities Ion storage at 30 keV beam energy High ion flux while maintaining large mass resolving power Advances the design of MIRACLS 10.5 keV MR-ToF device at ISOLDE/CERN [1-3] [1] F.M. Maier, M. Vilen et al, NIMA 1048, 168545 (2023). [2] F.M. Maier et al, NIMA 1056, 168545 (2023). [3] F.M. Maier et al, NIMA 1075, 170365 (2025). Slide 18
Development of an MR-ToF Device Extend FRIB s Mass Measurement and Separation Capabilities Simulated mass resolving power is high enough to resolve almost all isobars and 70% of all known isomers with half-lives above 10 ms Ultra-stable 60 kV power supplies: S. Passon et al., Meas: Sen 635 (2025) & K. Konig et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 083307 (2024)
Development of an MR-ToF Device Extend FRIB s Mass Measurement and Separation Capabilities Simulated ion flux is 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to state-of-the-art MR-ToF devices Simulated mass resolving power is high enough to resolve almost all isobars and 70% of all known isomers with half-lives above 10 ms Updated from F.M. Maier et al, NIMA 1056, 168545 (2023). Slide 20
Development of an MR-ToF Device Extend FRIB s Mass Measurement and Separation Capabilities Simulated ion flux is 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to state-of-the-art MR-ToF devices Simulated mass resolving power is high enough to resolve almost all isobars and 70% of all known isomers with half-lives above 10 ms Updated from F.M. Maier et al, NIMA 1056, 168545 (2023). Slide 21
Summary Mass measurements close to driplines of high interest for nuclear structure and astrophysics investigations Very challenging due to low production rates, short half lives and beam contamination At FRIB, we could measure masses of 4 nuclei within last year: 22Al: S.E. Campbell et al., PRL 132, 152501 (2024). 103Sn: C.M. Ireland, F.M. Maier et al., PRC 111, 014314 (2025). 101Sn: C.M. Ireland et al., in preparation. 23Si: F.M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. Development of a future MR-ToF device ongoing at FRIB to access most exotic nuclides Extend Reach of Mass Measurement Program Improve Beam Diagnostics and Identification Provide Isobarically and Isomerically Purified Beams Slide 22
Thanks to the LEBIT and FRIB MR-ToF Team! F.M. Maier, E. Dhayal, C. Ireland, E. Leistenschneider, A. Sjaarda, R. Ringle for the FRIB MR-ToF collaboration F.M. Maier, G. Bollen, S. Campbell, H. Erington, C. Ireland, E. Leistenschneider, R. Ringle for the LEBIT collaboration Thanks to all our experimental and theory collaboration partners! Questions: maierf@frib.msu.edu This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and used resources of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Operations, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Award Number DE-SC0023633. Slide 23
Masses of Neutron-Deficient sd Shell Nuclei are in Excellent Agreement with Shell Model Calculations Isospin Symmetry Breaking is Well Described 22Al: S. Campbell et al, PRL 132, 152501 (2024). 350 detected ions 50 detected ions 23Si: F.M. Maier et al, submitted to PRC. 1598 detected ions Slide 24 (FRIB, E21015)
