High Unemployment Impact in UK: Statistics and Elections Overview

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- Unemployment Unemployment at 17-year high John Hall WEDNESDAY 15 FEBRUARY 2012

- Unemployment Unemployment at 17-year high John Hall WEDNESDAY 15 FEBRUARY 2012 job seekers job leavers unemployment unemployed vacancies redundant Laid off unemployment benefit Labour market

, Unemployment at 17-year high John Hall Wednesday, 15 February 2012 The UK's unemployment rate rose to a 17-year high today, as the flatlining economy continued to take its toll on the labour market. Unemployment leapt by 48,000 over the last three months of 2011, taking the jobless total to 2.67 million - a rate of 8.4 per cent and the worst employment figures since 1995. The number of people claiming Jobseeker's Allowance rose by 6,900 in January to 1.6 million, the 11th successive monthly increase. The number of women claiming the allowance increased by 1,500 over the last month to 531,700, the highest figure since the summer of 1995. This is partially motivated by government reforms that have forced single mothers to return to employment. There was also an increase of 22,000 in youth unemployment, taking the total to 1.04 million. This figure includes 307,000 in full-time education but seeking work. Data from the Office for National Statistics also showed employment increased by 60,000 to 29 million in the last quarter, mainly due to a rise of 90,000 in the number of part-time employees to 6.6 million.

- Elections , , , , , , , Elected officials are held accountable by elections. They are rarely removed before an elected term of two, four, or six years. The elected officials receive constituent requests which are classified as casework to keep the constituents happy. Casework is often controlled by an office secretary with a stamped or typed signature.

Terminology . ( , ) Once panic and deflation set in, many people believed they could avoid further losses by keeping clear of the markets. Holding money therefore became profitable as prices dropped lower and a given amount of money bought ever more goods, exacerbating the drop in demand. , , , .

Terminology . ( , ) In academia, the field of public administration consists of a number of sub-fields: Organizational theory in public administration is the study of the structure of governmental entities and the many particulars inculcated in them. Ethics in public administration serves as a normative approach to decision making. Public budgeting is the activity within a government that seeks to allocate scarce resources among unlimited demands. , ( ) .[ .] . . .

1) Changes in society, student expectations, and technology are motivating university and college faculty and instructors to rethink pedagogy and teaching methods. There are three separate factors at work in the knowledge- based society. The first is the continuing development of new knowledge, making it difficult to compress all students needs within the limited time span of a post-secondary program or course. The second factor is the increased emphasis on applying knowledge to meet the demands of 21st century society, using skills such as critical thinking, independent learning, the use of relevant information technology, software, and data within a discipline, and entrepreneurialism. The development of such skills requires active learning in rich and complex environments, with plenty of opportunities to develop, apply, assess and practice such skills. Thirdly, it means educating students with the skills to manage their own learning throughout life, so they can continue to learn after graduation. (unit 16)

1) 2) 3) > / Connectivism is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories. Learning is a process that occurs within nebulous environments of shifting core elements not entirely under the control of the individual. Learning (defined as actionable knowledge) can exist outside of ourselves (within an organization or a database), is focused on connecting specialized information sets, and the connections that enable us to learn more are more important than our current state of knowing. Connectivism is driven by the understanding that decisions are based on rapidly altering foundations. New information is continually being acquired. The ability to draw distinctions between important and unimportant information is vital. The ability to recognize when new information alters the landscape based on decisions made yesterday is also critical.

2- Academic Vocabulary

Public administration is the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a field of inquiry with a diverse scope its fundamental goal is to advance management and policies so that government can function. Some of the various definitions which have been offered for the term are: the management of public programs ; the translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day ; and the study of government decision making, the analysis of the policies themselves, the various inputs that have produced them, and the inputs necessary to produce alternative policies. Public administration is centrally concerned with the organization of government policies and programmes as well as the behavior of officials (usually non- elected) formally responsible for their conduct Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public administrators, including heads of city, county, regional, state and federal departments such as municipal budget directors, human resources (H.R.) administrators, city managers, census managers, state [mental health] directors, and cabinet secretaries. Public administrators are public servants working in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government. In the US, civil servants and academics such as Woodrow Wilson promoted American civil service reform in the 1880s, moving public administration into academia. However, until the mid-2Oth century and the dissemination of the German sociologist Max Weber s theory of bureaucracy there was not much interest in a theory of public administration. The field is multidisciplinary in character; one of the various proposals for public administration s sub-fields sets out six pillars, including human resources, organizational theory, policy analysis and statistics, budgeting, and ethics. Group 1-5 Group 6-10

Using the AWL to increase vocabulary [ ] Sublist 1: List of Words analyze approach area assess assume authority available benefit concept consist constitute context contract create data define derive distribute economy environment establish estimate evident export factor finance formula function identify income indicate individual interpret involve issue labour legal legislate major method occur percent period policy principle proceed process require research respond role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory vary Assess = , . . His property was assessed at 2 million euros. . Assessment ,

1. assess . , " ": he assessed the damage at one million # , : the house was assessed by an expert # ( .:) , , " ": assesed tax # : he assessed the possibilities # . assess a fine . DERIVATIVES Assessment (n.)

2. Consist (of) consist of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be made of) ( ) , What does life really consist of? ; (be made up of, comprise) consist of [sth] vtr phrasal insep , This family consists of a husband, a wife, and a child. (or: )

3. constitute [sth] vtr(form, be) , The states that constitute this country each have their own culture. . Synonyms: establish, develop, create, set up, organize, Collocations: (does not) constitute approval, acceptance, an endorsement, enough [votes, members] to constitute a majority, constitutes a threat, violation, failure http://www.wordreference.com/engr/constitute

3- Terminology . In academia, the field of public administration consists of a number of sub-fields:[9] Organizational theory in public administration is the study of the structure of governmental entities and the many particulars inculcated in them. Ethics in public administration serves as a normative approach to decision making. Public budgeting is the activity within a government that seeks to allocate scarce resources among unlimited demands. , ( ) .[ .] . . .

3- Terminology . In academia, the field of public administration consists of a number of sub-fields:[9] Organizational theory in public administration is the study of the structure of governmental entities and the many particulars inculcated in them. Ethics in public administration serves as a normative approach to decision making. Public budgeting is the activity within a government that seeks to allocate scarce resources among unlimited demands. , ( ) .[ .] . . .

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