Hormonal Contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives, like combined oral pills, are highly effective in preventing pregnancy by containing estrogen and progestin. They come in various forms such as oral pills, injectables, and patches. These contraceptives work by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus, reducing the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer. It's essential to follow a prescribed regimen for optimal efficacy and safety.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Hormonal contraceptives Kamal Kumar Gupta
Hormonal contraceptives Most effective almost 100% Gonadal steroids: estrogen and progestogens Synthetic estrogens: mestranol Mestranol is inactive and converted to active ethinyl-oestradiol in the liver Synthetic progestogen: pregnanes, estranes and gonanes Gonanes are the most favoured eg levonorgestrel ethinyl-estradiol and
Classification Oral pills Combined pills Progestogen only pills Post -coital pills Once a month (long acting) pill Male pill Depot (slow release) formulations Injectables Transdermal patches Subcutaneous implants Vaginal rings
Combined oral contraceptives Also contraceptives contain the hormones estrogen and progestin It is prescribed by a doctor. A pill is taken at the same time each day Not recommended to the females older than 35 years and smoke, have a history of blood clots or breast cancer called the pill, combined oral
Contains two hormones (estrogen and progestogen) 30-35 mcg of synthetic estrogen and 0.5-1.0mg progestogen Pill is given orally for 21 days daily beginning on 5thday of menstruation, followed by seven days break during which the menstruation take place. This is called withdrawal bleeding as due to withdrawl of exogenous hormone cause uterine bleeding from an incompletely formed endometrium. If bleeding does not takes place the female should start second course after one week
Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) >99% with correct and consistent use commonly used Reduces risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer Mala D and Mala N contains Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg and Levonorgesteral 0.15mg Pack of 28 tablets with seven brown coated 60 mg ferrous sulphate tablets 92% as
Advantages Nearly 100% safe Regularize the length of menstrual cycle, decrease menstrual flow decrease risk of anemia Decrease risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer Eliminates the chances of ectopic pregnancy Lowers the rate of pelvic infections Can be used as emergency contraceptive morning after pill
Disadvantages Increased increase in blood pressure, salt retention causing weight gain Irregular bleeding Increased risk of cardiovascular disease Benign liver tumors Decrease breast milk in lactating mothers risk of nausea, constipation,
Progestin only pill (Minipill) It has one hormone, progestin, instead of both estrogen and progestin Commonly used levonorgestrel and northisterone It is prescribed by a doctor. It is taken at the same time each day. It may be a good option for women who can t take estrogen. progestogens are
Thickens cervical mucus mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation 99% with correct and consistent use 90 97% as commonly used Can be used while breastfeeding must be taken at the same time each day Could be prescribed to the older women (cardiovascular risk) or the young women with risk factor for neoplasia
Saheli : non steroidal contraceptive The only non steroidal pill with no side effects with Ormeloxifene as the active ingredient. Most convenient and safest mode of contraception with a dosage of one pill a week. Centchroman is a selective modulator (SERM). It has some estrogenic effect (e.g., in bones) and some antiestrogenic effect (e.g., in uterus and breast) Its antiestrogenic activity on the endometrium inhibits the fertilized ovum from implantation. It hastens the transfer of ovum from the fallopian tubes to the endometrial cavity, before it is ready for implantation. estrogen receptor
The only non steroidal pill with no side effects with ormeloxifene as the active ingredient. Most convenient and safest mode of contraception with a dosage of one pill a week.
Post-coital contraception Post-coital contraceptiveor morning after pills is recommended within 72 hr of unprotected sex IUD: insert an IUD especially a Cu devise within five days Hormonal: 0.75 levonorgasteral one tablet within 72 hr of unprotacted sex followed by second dose after 72 hr Or two oral contraceptive pills of 50mcg of ethinyl estradiol followed by the same dose after 12 hr Or Mifepristone 10 mg once within 72 hr
Once a month pill Quinsterol a long acting oestrogen in combination with short acting progestogen Not not very promising
New drugs to make menstruation optional Seasonale Contains 150mcglevonorgesterel and 30mcg methinyl estradiol One active pill for84 days and then inactive pill for 7 days
Male pills Gossypol Not effective
Injection or shot Women get shots of the hormone progestin in the buttocks or arm every three months from their doctor. Typical use failure rate: 4%.
Monthly injectables or combined injectable contraceptives (CIC) Injected monthly into the muscle, contains estrogen and progestogen Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) >99% with correct and consistent use to prevent pregnancy 97% as commonly used Irregular vaginal bleeding common, but not harmful
Progestogen only injectables Injected into the muscle or under the skin every 2 or 3 months, depending on product Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation >99% with correct and consistent use 97% as commonly used Delayed return to fertility (about 1 4 months on the average) after use; irregular vaginal bleeding common, but not harmful
Implant (Norplant) Small, flexible rods or capsules placed under the skin of the upper arm; contains progestogen hormone only Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation >99% Health-care provider must insert and remove; can be used for 3 5 years depending on implant; irregular vaginal bleeding common but not harmful
Transdermal Patch (EVRA) This skin patch is worn on the lower abdomen, buttocks, or upper body (but not on the breasts). This method is prescribed by a doctor It releases hormones progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream A new patch is put on once a week for three weeks. During the fourth week, a patch is not wear, so can have a menstrual period Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) The 20 cm Ortho Evra contraceptive patch contains 750 g ethinyl nestradiol 6000 g norelgestromin (a progestin) Typical use failure rate: 7%. (an estrogen) and
Vaginal ring (NuvaRing) The vaginal ring is a flexible ring about 2 inches in diameter that is inserted into the vagina The ring releases the hormones progestin and estrogen Vaginal ring containing levonorgesteral have been found to be effective The hormone is slowly absorbed through the vaginal mucosa, bypassing the digestive system and liver Ring is kept for three weeks and then took out for the week during period, A new ring is put after that Typical use failure rate: 7%.
