HPC Workloads in Containers: Analysis and Trends

Percentage of HPC workloads run in containers HPC Containers Approximately what percentage of your total HPC workloads are run today in containers? Commentary Responses Percent HPC-based container workloads are only a small percentage of overall HPC workloads Less than 5% of our current workload 61.1% 33 Between 6% and 10% of our current workload 18.5% 10 Almost 55% run less than 10% of their workloads on HPC- based containers Between 11% and 25% of our current workload 11.1% 6 Between 26% and 50% of our current workload 5.6% 3 Between 51% and 75% of our current workload Minimal representation at >50% workloads 1.9% 1 More than 76% of our current workload 1.9% 1 54 1

Percentage of HPC workloads run in containers in two years HPC Containers In TWO YEARS, approximately what percentage of your HPC workloads will be run in containers? Commentary Responses Percent Less than 5% of total workload in containers drops to 7.4 % in two years vs. current 61% Less than 5% of our current workload 7.4% 4 Between 6% and 10% of our current workload 18.5% 10 Almost one third expect to be running between 11% and 25% Between 11% and 25% of our current workload 31.5% 17 Between 26% and 50% of our current workload 27.8% 15 42% expect to be running more than 26% of workloads on containers two years out Between 51% and 75% of our current workload 11.1% 6 More than 76% of our current workload 3.7% 2 54 2

Location of HPC-based containers HPC Containers Where do your HPC-based containers reside? Commentary Responses Percent Most HPC containers reside on site Fully on-premise 82.7% 43 Container use cases in line with overall IT infrastructure of those surveyed Fully public cloud-based 40.4% 21 Fully private cloud-based 34.6% 18 Hybrid on-premise/private cloud 19.2% 10 Hybrid on-premise/public cloud 19.2% 10 52 3

Key workloads for container applications HPC Containers What are the key workload areas for your container applications? (Pick ALL that apply) Commentary AI, D/L, M/L lead the list selecting as a key workload at over 37% of sites and is prevalent across all sectors surveyed Academia Govt Industry Other Total AI, machine learning, and deep learning High-performance data analytics/Big Data Machine learning Deep learning Biology: genomics, protein folding, drug design, etc. Computation fluid dynamics Computational material sciences and nanoscience Computational chemistry Finite element analysis Climate modeling Financial and economic modeling Geophysics-based modeling Adjacent services such as databases 12.8% 16.0% 11.7% 10.6% 18.5% 9.2% 10.8% 12.3% 15.1% 9.4% 9.4% 7.5% 12.5% 10.4% 12.5% 10.4% 14.6% 11.9% 11.1% 10.3% 11.7% 3.2% 6.2% 7.7% 5.7% 11.3% 6.3% 6.3% 8.0% 6.5% HPDA/Big Data also major application area 5.3% 5.3% 2.1% 3.2% 2.1% 2.1% 4.3% 4.6% 3.1% 6.2% 4.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 7.5% 5.7% 7.5% 1.9% 3.8% 3.8% 0.0% 6.3% 4.2% 4.2% 2.1% 6.3% 2.1% 2.1% 5.7% 4.6% 4.6% 3.1% 3.1% 2.3% 2.3% Strong representation in traditional HPC applications watch for AI convergence Astrophysical modeling Crash simulation Defense-related applications Semiconductor and/or electronics design Earthquake and structural modeling Cryptography Enterprise applications such as transaction processing, web services and search engines Other Total 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 3.1% 0.0% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 2.1% 0.0% 2.1% 2.1% 0.0% 1.9% 1.5% 1.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.4% Note Crash affinity in Commercial HPC: Encapsulation resonating? 0.0% 4.3% 100% 0.0% 6.2% 100% 0.0% 3.8% 100% 2.1% 4.2% 100% 0.4% 4.6% 100% 54 4