Impact of COVID-19 on Population and Housing Censuses - UN Survey Results
Results of the UNSD survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on conducting population and housing censuses, highlighting challenges, additional measures, and recommendations for maintaining data quality. The 2020 World Population and Housing Census Programme's objectives and the implications of the pandemic on statistical activities are discussed.
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United Nations Expert Group Meeting on the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Conducting Population and Housing Censuses and on Census Data Quality Concerns 9-12 February 2021 Results of the UNSD survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of population and housing censuses Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Outline Introduction UNSD surveys on impact of COVID-19 Overall impact of COVID-19 (3rd survey) Impact on preparatory activities Impact on field-based enumeration Impact on census methods Challenges Additional measures to minimize impact of COVID-19 Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Introduction 2020 World Population and Housing Census Programme: Urges Member States: conduct at least one PHC in the period from 2015 to 2024 take into account international and regional recommendations relating to PHC give attention to advance planning, cost efficiency, timely dissemination & easy access to census results set quality standards for PHC to uphold the integrity, reliability, accuracy & value of PHC results take into account the importance of PHC for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Mandates UNSD: prepare international statistical standards, methods and guidelines for the conduct of PHCs coordinate activities among stakeholders in assisting Member States to plan and carry out PHCs monitor and regularly report to the Statistical Commission on implementation of the Programme Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Introduction On 11 March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic While the magnitude/duration of the effects of the pandemic on social and economic activity in countries were unknown at that time UNSD, as secretariat for the 2020 World Programme: recognized public health measures (social distancing, restrictions on mobility, etc) and possible redeployment of budgetary resources may have implications for statistical activities recognized the need to continuously monitor the impact of COVID-19 on PHCs identified some areas of concern: census timeline, budget, questionnaire, method of collection (multi-mode), quality of results (coverage, topics, comparability) particularly worrying was the situation of countries preparing to conduct census in the peak census years of 2020 and 2021 Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
2020 census round (2015-2024) - census calendar 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 No Info Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
UNSD surveys on impact of COVID-19 1st survey in March/April 2020 - 3 questions for NSOs with census in year 2020; response from 46 countries - tentative information on impact 2nd survey: UNSD-World Bank collaboration, September 2020 included 6 questions on PHC addressed to NSOs w/ census in 2020/2021; response from 119 countries, providing more information on impact 3rd survey in December 2020/January 2021 - 11-question survey sent to 121 NSOs with census expected in year 2020 or 2021 - response received from 104 countries (86%): 47 countries (2020), 57 countries (2021) - Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Overall impact of COVID-19 (3rd survey) Total number of responding countries 27% 73% Census in 2020 17% 83% Census in 2021 35% 65% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% No Yes Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Reason for no impact: Response = No 4% Field work completed before the arrival of COVID-19 61% Using administrative registers as source of census data 36% Other 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Total number of responding countries Census in 2020 Census in 2021 Other: Impact of COVID-19 not significant/controlled/not yet clear (for censuses planned for later in 2021) Census impacted by factors other than COVID-19: economic/budgetary reasons, political instability, census law not being adopted Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Impact on preparations Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 7% 22% 21% 50% Census in 2020 13% 23% 18% 46% Census in 2021 0% 22% 24% 54% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Completed these activities before the arrival of COVID-19 Proceeded / will proceed with these activities in spite of COVID-19 Yes, had to postpone or cancel SOME preparatory activities Yes, had to postpone or cancel MOST/ALL of the preparatory activities Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Type of preparatory activities postponed/canceled 30% Project planning document 41% Mapping/cartography/listing 22% Questionnaire content and design 52% Pilot census 54% Publicity 41% Stakeholder outreach 46% Procurement 69% Training 24% Other 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 Census in 2020 Census in 2021 Other: Development of computer applications for data collection Evaluation of the census project by international experts Postponement of study visits Establishment a Census Office and recruitment of key staff Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Impact on field-based enumeration Yes, had to postpone to later in 2020 (or extend period of enumeration by weeks/months) 28% 0% Yes, had to postpone to 2021 (or later in 2021) 51% 50% Yes, had to postpone to 2022 or beyond 15% 24% No, neither stopped nor postponed 5% 26% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 Census in 2020 Census in 2021 Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Impact on field-based enumeration - Censuses scheduled in year 2020 Census conducted Census conducted w/ extension Census postponed Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Impact on census method(s) Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 43% 57% Census in 2020 42% 58% Census in 2021 43% 57% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% No Yes Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Change/adaptation made to census method(s) 26% Use administrative data 51% Internet (CAWI) data collection 58% Telephone (CATI) data collection 23% Self-enumeration with paper questionnaire (mail- out/mail-back, drop-off/pick-up) 16% Other changes/adaptations 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 Census in 2020 Census in 2021 Other changes to census procedures: Changes in the prioritization of modes of data collection (by area/population group) Adjustments to the system for listing households (eg. only quick count and eye estimation for number of household members) Changes to plans and procedures for data verification and post-enumeration surveys Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Challenges 79% Reducing face-to-face interaction 32% Personnel not available/ill 45% Funding limitations/constraints 29% Procurement difficulties Mobility restrictions/problems with transportation 37% 17% Closure of establishments 16% Other difficulties 3% No / minor difficulties 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Total number of responding countries reporting impact of COVID-19 Other challenges: Households not permitting interviewers access to their dwelling because of the fear of COVID transmission Internal migration patterns of some population groups (eg. students not being present at a term time locality) Increase in item non-response with self-enumeration by paper questionnaire or Internet (CAWI) Low response rate with CATI Operational challenges in managing multi-mode data collection Adapting to changes to new working arrangements (eg. working from home by data processing staff may have implications for data confidentiality) Census in 2020 Census in 2021 Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
Additional measures to minimize impact of COVID-19 Request additional budget for: PPEs for field staff Enhanced publicity campaign to assure public, increase awareness/safety about COVID, educate the population on new modes of data collection, etc. Establishment of register of addresses/population Revise census law to extend the time/duration of census and reflect changes in data collection methods Coordinate with health authorities to enhance safety protocols to mitigate against the spread of COVID-19 Produce guidelines on how to prevent/mitigate COVID-19 during field operations; and, train field staff Develop special procedures for areas under lock-down or designated as red zones, and for institutional HHs Shorten the census questionnaire to minimize face-to-face contact between enumerators and the public Include questions about COVID-19 in the Census Questionnaire to study its spread in the population Enhance data collection via self-enumeration options (over the internet, by post) Maximize self-enumeration by sending reminder letters to respondents Arrange face-to-face visits upon request/by appointment, after health and travel declarations were obtained from HHs Establish help desks and call centers (data collection; support to self-enumerating HHs; appointment for f-2-f visit) Provide online training for field staff; where training is not online, train in small groups Adapt mobile devices to work in both CAPI and CATI modes Train enumerators to collect data in both CAPI and CATI modes Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics Branch Demographic Statistics Section
