Impact of Fertilisers and Pesticides on Environment
Learn about the effects of fertilisers and pesticides on the environment, including eutrophication and biodiversity loss. Discover how biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) relates to eutrophication and the seasonal fluctuations in nitrate concentration. Gain insights into the consequences of excessive algal growth and the importance of sustainable agricultural practices.
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Presentation Transcript
Aims of the session: Learn about fertilisers and their effects on the environment. Be able to answer exam questions on the effects. Learn about Pesticides and their effects Summarise the key points about pesticides
s e wa g e ( liq u id d o me s tic a n d in d u s tr ia l wa s te ) fe r tilis e r s Eutrophication min e r a ls e s p . n itr a te s min e r a ls The process of e s p . p h o s p h a te s o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l e u tr o p h ic a tio n a lg a l b lo o m c o mp e titio n fo r lig h t c o n s u me fa s t e n o u g h c o n s u me r s c a n 't d e a d p la n ts d e a d a lg a e d e tr itu s mo r e d e c o mp o s e r s u s e u p o x y g e n b y a e r o b ic r e s p ir a tio n ( in c r e a s e d B OD) a e r o b e s d ie ( in v e r te b r a te s , fis h , e tc ) a n a e r o b ic b a c te r ia th r iv e . Re le a s e NH, CH, HS 442
s e wa g e ( liq u id d o me s tic a n d in d u s tr ia l wa s te ) fe r tilis e r s min e r a ls e s p . n itr a te s min e r a ls e s p . p h o s p h a te s o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l e u tr o p h ic a tio n a lg a l b lo o m c o mp e titio n fo r lig h t c o n s u me fa s t e n o u g h c o n s u me r s c a n 't d e a d p la n ts d e a d a lg a e The process of Eutrophication cont. d e tr itu s mo r e d e c o mp o s e r s u s e u p o x y g e n b y a e r o b ic r e s p ir a tio n ( in c r e a s e d B OD) a e r o b e s d ie ( in v e r te b r a te s , fis h , e tc ) a n a e r o b ic b a c te r ia th r iv e . Re le a s e NH, CH, HS 442
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). This measures the rate of oxygen consumption by a sample of water, and therefore gives a good indication of eutrophication. A high BOD means lots of organic material and aerobic microbes, i.e. eutrophication
The nitrate concentration falls during spring and The nitrate concentration falls during spring and summer and rises during autumn and winter summer and rises during autumn and winter Less algal growth as autumn begins Less algal growth as autumn begins Possibly all plants have died Possibly all plants have died
Pesticides Include: Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Bactericides
Pesticides Persistence + Lipid solubility= Bioacculmulation
Bioaccumulation E.g DDT w a t e rz o o p l a n k t o n 0 . 0 4 p p m s m a l l f i s h 0 . 5 p p m l a r g e f i s h 2 p p m b i r d s 2 5 p p m
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