Impact of Geographical Dimension on European Tertiary Education

CORe The Impact of the Geographical Dimension on ETER database: A First Exploratory Analysis Valerio Veglio; Universit della Svizzera Italiana Benedetto Lepori; Universit della Svizzera Italiana USI

Aim Preliminary descriptive analysis on the geographical structure of HEIs activities and the association with the FUAs characteristics. USI

European Tertiary Education Register (ETER) ETER register provides a set of information including demographic information, geographical position (e.g.: latitude and longitude), number of students and degrees, number of staff, expenditures and revenues. ETER database (2011-2012): 2.293 HEIs in 31 European Countries (all EU-28 countries expect Slovenia and Romania, plus Liechtenstein, Norway, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Switzerland). Lack of information on Academic Staff (FTE) for UK, France, Austria, Estonia, Greece, Latvia and Republic of Macedonia. USI

Match Definition Match with the list of the municipalities (source:GOV.regionstat@oecd.org). Match with ETER database in order to aggregate each FUAs with HEIs. Country Code ETER ID Institution Name Postcode Name of the city Functional Area Code FU Core/peripheral 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 AT AT0002 Universit t Graz 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0006 Technische Universit t Graz 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0015 Medizinische Universit t Graz 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0021 Universit t f r Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0041 P dagogische Hochschule Steiermark 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0042 Kirchliche P dagogische Hochschule der Stiftung der Di zese Graz-Seckau 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0052 CAMPUS 02 Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft GmbH 8010 Graz AT002 AT AT0068 FH JOANNEUM Gesellschaft mbH 8020 Graz AT002 AT AT0025 Private Universit t f r Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik (UMIT) 6060 Hall in Tirol AT005 AT AT0003 Universit t Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck AT005 AT AT0016 Medizinische Universit t Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck AT005 AT AT0043 P dagogische Hochschule Tirol 6010 Innsbruck AT005 AT AT0054 MCI - Management Center Innsbruck Internationale Hochschule GmbH 6020 Innsbruck AT005 AT AT0060 FHG Zentrum f r Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH 6020 Innsbruck AT005 AT AT0044 Kirchliche P dagogische Hochschule Edith Stein 6422 Stams AT005 AT AT0012 Universit t Klagenfurt 9020 Klagenfurt AT006 AT AT0036 P dagogische Hochschule K rnten 9020 Klagenfurt AT006 USI

Research Methodology Data Sources ETER Database Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Data Sample 110 Metropolitan FUAs for which OECD provides data Research Methods Descriptive Analysis Gini Index and/or Lorenz Curve Kernell Density Function USI

ETER Variables (1/2) Variable Measure Bachelor Students Number of Students Enrolled at the Bachelor Level (ISCED 6) Master Students Number of Students Enrolled at the Master Level (ISCED 7) Undergraduate Students Total Number of Students Enrolled at the Diploma, Bachelor and Master Level (ISCED 5-7) Number of PhD Students Number of PhD Students Enrolled (ISCED 8) USI

ETER Variables (2/2) Variable Measure Number of Pubblications Total Number of Publications in the Scimago Institutional Ranking EU-FP participations Number of Participations to EU-FPs from the EUPRO database Total Academic Staff Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Highest Degree Delivered Categorical Variable: Diploma (0) Bachelor (1) Master (2) PhD (3) Institution Category Standardized Categorical Variables: Other Institutions (0) University (1) University of Applied Science (2) USI

Functional Area Variables Variable Measure FU_Code Code of the functional urban area FU_Core Code, which shows that the HEI belong to the core of the municipalities. It is equal to 1 if the HEI refers to the core, 0 otherwise FU_Name Name of the main city related to the functional urban area FU_Restricted Dummy variable. It identifies all geographical area with more than 500,000 inhabitants whereby the OECD provides statistics. Number of HEIs Number of HEIs for each FUAs USI

OECD Variables Variable Measure Population Total amount of the population for each functional area with more than 500,000 inhabitants. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Total amount of the Gross Domestic Product for each functional area with more than 500,000 inhabitants. Patents Applications Total number of patents for each functional area with more than 500,000 inhabitants. USI

Descriptive Findings Total of Undergraduate Students Total of PhD Students 8.691.758 312.804 Metropolitan FUAs 16.601.178 501.310 ETER 52,36% 62,40% Percentage Composition Bivariate Correlations Total Population 2012 1 .352** -,097 -,057 -.270* -.210* -,133 -,142 -.205* -,143 Total Population 2012 GDP_capita EU_FP_capita Patents Application Total Academic Staff by TP Total Undergraduate Students by TP Total PhD Students by TP Number of Publications by TP Total Bachelor Students by TP Total Master Students by TP **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). USI

Scatter Plot (1/2) USI

Scatter Plot (2/2) USI

Gini Index Values Variables Gini Index Value Patent Applications 0,60 GDP_2010 0,51 Total Population 2012 0,44 Total Academic Staff FTE 0,38 Total Undergraduate Students 0,42 Total PhD Students 0,47 EU-FPs Participations 0,53 Number of Publications 0,45 Total Bachelor Students 0,42 Total Master Students 0,49 USI

Kernel Estimation Density Kernel density estimate .004 .003 Density .002 .001 Kernel density estimate 2.000e-07 4.000e-07 6.000e-07 8.000e-07 0 0 500 1000 1500 EUFP_Par kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 43.0540 Density 0 0 5000000 10000000 15000000 Totalpop kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 2.9e+05 USI

Discussion and Future Directions 1) Identification of Geographical Dimensions to be integrate in ETER database. 1) HEIs Geographic Analysis by Country (e.g.: Do most reputed HEIs are mainly concentrated in the core of the FUAs? Which most reputed HEIs belong to the periphery of the FUAs?). 3) Spatial Autoregressive Models. USI

CORe Thank you for your attention! USI