Impacts of Fiscal Openness: Insights and Future Directions
Explore the impacts of fiscal openness on development outcomes, governance, and transparency. Discover insights on transparency measures, the relationship between components of fiscal openness, and the role of transparency and participation. Delve into incentives for fiscal openness and ongoing research components.
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The Impacts of Fiscal Openness: A Review of the Evidence Paolo de Renzio and Joachim Wehner GIFT Stewards meeting 2 Dec 2015
The initial model 2 www.internationalbudget.org
Summary of findings Development? Outcomes? Improved? educa on? outcomes? Improved? health? outcomes? Lower? corrup on? Poli cal? accountability? Governance? Outcomes? Quality? of? the? Budget? Fiscal? Discipline? ? Alloca ons? &? Service? Delivery? Alloca ons?Service? Delivery? Dra ing? &? Approval? Execu on? &? Audit? Budget? Process? Execu on? Execu on? &? Audit? Fiscal? Openness? Interven ons? Fiscal? transparency? (General? disclosure)? Fiscal? transparency? (Specific d i sclo sur e)? Par cipa on? 3 www.internationalbudget.org
Directions for future research 1) Use more disaggregated transparency measures to understand the impact of specific disclosures 2) Exploring the relationship and trade-offs between components of fiscal openness 3) How do transparency and participation affect each other? 4) Investigate multiple impacts and longer impact chains 5) Compare similar interventions across different contexts www.internationalbudget.org 4
Incentives for Fiscal Openness Paolo de Renzio GIFT Stewards meeting 2 Dec 2015
Research components 1) Think-pieces by academics and practitioners (completed) 2) Interviews with senior policy-makers (ongoing) a. Jorge Hage (Brazil) b. Mustafa Mastoor (Afghanistan) c. Trevor Manuel (South Africa) d. Florencio Abad (Philippines) e. 2-3 more planned (Liberia, Uganda, Mexico) 3) Reflections on WB/IMF experience (delayed) www.internationalbudget.org 6
Interviews (very preliminary findings) Political transitions and changes in government created strong political mandates for transparency reforms Reforms were sustained by a combination of intrinsic and instrumental motivations Pressure came from various sides No great resistances, but constant need to show benefits to maintain support and win over resistors Role of external actors (incl. GIFT) - Lend legitimacy, provide impact evidence, ensure political support, constant follow-up www.internationalbudget.org 7
Mapping Civil Society Uses and Needs around Budget Information in Developing Countries Joint project by WB, GIFT and IBP GIFT Stewards meeting 2 Dec 2015
Respondents 163 respondents in total Respondents by region EAP Majority of respondents are medium/large orgs (>10 staff) and have been active for more than 5 years 8% ECA 35% LCR 23% MENA OECD 14% 7% SAR Most respondents are either policy research institutes or advocacy groups 9% SSA 4% Type of respondents Think tank / Policy research institute 1% 6% but some responses incomplete 5% Advocacy group Grassroots / community- based organization 32% 56% Religious / church- affiliated organization Other (please specify) 9 www.internationalbudget.org
Respondents activities 9. Main sectors of operation Sectors of interest Macroeconomic and general budget policy 12% Health 23% Education 17% Agriculture 17% Social protection 9% Other (specify) 22% Budget Phase of interest 21% 25% 10. In which of the phases of the budget cycle is your organization particularly active? Budget formulation Legislative discussion and approval Budget execution/implementation 23% Budget evaluation and Audit 31% 10 www.internationalbudget.org
Use of budget information What data is most used? 60% 52% 50% 48% 40% 38% 33% Uses? of? budget? documents? 28% 30% 26% 0%? 10%? 20%? 30%? 40%? 50%? 60%? 18% 18% 20% Pre-Budget? Statement? 20%? 10% Execu ve? Budget? Proposal? 39%? 0% Enacted? Budget/Budget? law? 50%? In-Year? Reports? 22%? NOTE: There are important regional discrepancies Mid-Year? Review? 13%? Year-End? Report? 34%? Audit? Report? 23%? Ci zens? Budget? 12%? 11 www.internationalbudget.org
Accessing budget information (1) Sources of fiscal information 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Budget allocation dataBudget execution data Revenue data Debt/deficit/financing data Sub-national level data Facility level data (schools, hospitals) Data on performance indicators Data on extra budgetary funds Ministry of Finance website Government budget portal Sector ministry website Other govt website (specify) Budget document (hard copy) 12 www.internationalbudget.org
Accessing budget information (2) Quality? vs.? relevance? of? data? Quality? Relevance? 70%? 60%? 50%? 40%? 30%? 20%? 10%? 0%? Comprehensive? Timely? Accurate/reliable? Available? consistently? over? me? Updated? at? frequent? intervals? Sufficiently? detailed/granular? Accessible? in? machine-readable? formats? Easily? cross-referenced? with? other? data? 13 www.internationalbudget.org
Accessing budget information (3) Key obstacles in accessing budget information 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Budget information is scattered among many different sources The government does not provide any guidance on where to find budget information Government websites do not work Government websites are difficult to navigate Slow internet connection Budget Budget Budget information is not useful/relevant documents are only available in pdf format documents are only available in hard copy 14 www.internationalbudget.org
Needs for additional budget info What type of additional budget information would help to improve your work if it were available? How do you think that availability of this additional budget information could help your work and its impact? 1. More detailed local-level budget information 1. Produce more disaggregated and better targeted analysis 2. More detailed sector budget information (incl. facility-level data) 2. Use financial data in combination with service delivery information 3. More detailed revenue information 3. Better track public resource flows 4. Inter-operable financial and non- financial information 4. Fight tax fraud 5. Monitor implementation of specific projects 5. Information on projects and contracts 15 www.internationalbudget.org
