Indirect Speech in Spanish
When reporting what someone else said, we use indirect speech in Spanish. Learn how to convert direct speech to indirect speech, including changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions. Explore examples and tables illustrating these conversions, as well as changes in verb tenses based on the introductory verb. Discover the transformations in time expressions when shifting from direct to indirect speech.
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Presentation Transcript
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS Chapter-2 DIFFERENT FORMS OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP
Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship 1. Unlimited Liability 2. Difficulty in raising Capital 3. Limitations in managerial ability 4. Lack of stability 5. Demands on time 2
Partnership Business An association of two or more persons to carry as co-owners of a business for profit. A partnership can be based on- a) Verbal agreement b) Written Contract c) Written and registered (for bank account) 3
Types of Partnership 1. General Partnership 2. Limited Partnership 3. Joint Venture 4
1. General Partnership In General partnership, all the partners are called general partners and all of them bear unlimited liability for any loss of the business. Most of the time, general partners bear losses according to their investment raito. 5
2. Limited Partnership Limited Partnership business has two types of partners: a single general partner who runs the business and is responsible for its liabilities, and any number of limited partners who have limited involvement in the business and whose losses are limited to the amount of their investment. 6
3. Joint venture Its kind of international partnership business where two partners from two different countries join together in order to accomplish a specific purpose or produce a specific product. Example: Maruti-Suzuki, Hero-Honda etc 7
Articles of Partnership/ Features of written partnership contract 1. Name of the business partnership 2. Types of Business 3. Location of the business 4. Expected life of the partnership 5. Names of the partners and the amount of each one s investment 6. Procedures for distributing profits and covering losses 7. Amount that partners will withdraw for services 8. Procedures for withdrawal of funds 9. Duties of each partner 10. Procedures for dissolving the partnership 8
ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS 1. More Capital compared to Sole Proprietorship 2. Combined managerial skills 3. Easy of Starting 4. Clear legal status 5. Tax Advantages 9
DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS 1.Unlimited Liability 2.Potential Disagreements 3.Investment withdrawal difficulty 4.Instability 10
Corporation (Public limited Company Business) A corporation differs from a sole proprietorship and a partnership because it s a legal entity that is entirely separate from the parties who own it. It can enter into binding contracts, buy and sell property, sue and be sued, be held responsible for its actions, and be taxed. Owners (shareholders) spread wide geographic area and not allowed to interfere operations of corporation. 11
ADVANTAGES OF CORPORATION 1.Limited Liability 2.Skilled Management Teams 3.Transfer of ownership 4.Greater Capital Base 5.Stability 12
DISADVANTAGES OF CORPORATION 1.Difficulty and expense of starting 2.Lack of control (shareholders) 3.Double taxation 4.Lack of secrecy 5.Lack of personal interest (employees) 13
Merger A merger occurs when two companies combine to form a new company Example: In January 2016, Robi and Airtel Bangladesh announced that they intended to merge their operations in Bangladesh, that the combined entity would be called Robi 14
Types of Merger 1. Horizontal Merger: A merger involving competitive firms in the same market Example: Bank merger 2. Vertical merger: A vertical merger is the combination of two or more companies involved in different stages of the supply chain of a common product or service. Example: if a grocery store that sells milk and cheese, purchased a dairy farm that produces milk and cheese. 3. Conglomerate Merger: A conglomerate merger is when different companies with unrelated business activities or in diverse geographical areas come together to form a larger company. Example: Bashundhara group, Beximco Group, Square group 15
