Infant Growth and Development Overview

Growth and development of infant PRESENTED BY: MRS. ASHVANI SINGH NURSING TUTOR RCN BAREILLY

NEWBORN 1. Physical Growth Weight: Average birth weight of newborn is 2.5 kg it decreases by 10% in first 10 days of life and then increases at the rate of 500-600 grams per month during first 6 months.

Length: At birth the length of newborn is 45-50 cm. It increases approximately 2- 2.5 per month during first six months. Head Circumference: At birth it is approximately 33-35 cm and Increases at the rate of 1.5 cm per month during first six months.

Chest circumference: It is about 31-33 cm Pulse rate is 13020/minute. Respiration is 35 10 minute. Blood pressure is 80/50 20/10 mm Hg. Reflexes: The baby has well developed sucking, rooting, swallowing, and extrusion reflex. Baby also has Moro's, Tonic neck and Crossed Extensor reflex.

Motor Development Gross Motor Lies in flexed position with hands clenched. Turns head when in prone position. Head lags behind when baby is pulled up from supine to sitting position.

Fine Motor Grasp reflex is strong Baby can grasp an object placed in hand but drops it immediately.

Sensory Development Protective blinking reflex is present. Indefinite stare at surroundings. Notices faces and bright objects but only if they are in line of vision.

Language Development Startles to loud noises. Responds to human voice. Makes comfort sounds during feeding. Begins to Coo.

2 Months Physical Development Posterior fontanel closes at 6-8 weeks age. Tears start appearing. Drooling begins. Obligate (Preferential) nose breathers.

Motor Development Gross Motor Less fixed prone position - Arms flexed, hip flat and legs extended. Lifts head almost to 45 above flat surface when lying prone.

Fine Motor Hands may be open. Holds a rattle when placed in hand.

Sensory Development Tums head to side when sound occurs at ear level. Eyes follow moving objects and persons nearby. Visual acuity is hyper optic.

Language Development Laughs and squeals. Crying becomes differentiated, varying with reason for crying, e.g. hunger, sleep, pain, etc. Utters single vowel sounds such as 'ah' and 'eh'

Social Development Smile to mother/caregiver. Knows that cry will bring attention.

3 Months 1. Physical Development Flexion posture is reduced. Grasping, Crossed Extensor and Moro's reflex disappears. Landau reflex appears.

2. Motor Development a. Gross Motor Able to lift head to 90' when in prone position. Able to hold head erect but head still bobs forward. Rolls over from back to side.

b. Fine Motor Can grasp a toy but lacks firm hold. Hands open and closed loosely. Carries objects and hands to mouth at will.

3. Sensory Development Tums head and looks in same direction to locate sound. Blinks at objects that threaten the eyes. Beginning of ability to coordinate various sensory stimuli.

4. Language Development Cries less Shows pleasure in making sound Chuckles and coos.

5. Special Development May laugh loud. Looks in direction of speaker.

4 Months 1. Physical Development Drooling indicates appearance of saliva. Tonic neck and rooting reflex disappears.

2. Motor Development Gross Motor Holds head erect and steady when placed in sitting position. Sits for short time with adequate support. Lifts head and shoulders at 90 when prone and looks around. Head lag disappears when pulled to sit.

b. Fine Motor Brings hands together in midline and plays with fingers. Reaches for objects.

3. Sensory Development Follows objects to 180 . Fairly good binocular vision. Beginning of hand-eye coordination.

Language Development Utters two syllable vowel sounds. Can vocalize consonants like 'm, b, g'. Responds differently to pleasant and angry voice.

Social Development Initial social play by smiling

5 Months Physical Development Weight almost double of birth weight. Can breathe through mouth when nose is obstructed.

Motor Development Gross Motor Sits with slight support. Holds back straight when pulled to a sitting position. Pulls feet up to mouth when in supine. Rolls from back to abdomen.

. Fine Motor Attempts to 'catch' dangling objects with two hands. Begins use of forefinger and thumb in a pincer grasp. Tries to obtain objects beyond reach. Can hold one object while looking at another.

. Sensory Development Looks in direction of sound made below ear. Stops crying in response to music.

Language Development Responds to his/her name. Vocalizes displeasure when desired object is taken away. Begins to mimic sound. Cries on seeing strangers.

Social Development Smiles to self in mirror. Differentiates strangers from family members.

6 Months 1. Physical Development Weight gain is about 300-400 gms/month during next 6 months. Length increases at the rate of 1.25 cm/month. Head circumference increases at the rate of 0.5- 1 cm/month. Pulse rate is 120 +-20/minute. Respiration is 31+-9/minute. Blood pressure is 90/60 +- 28/10 mm Hg. Teeth eruption starts with lower two central incisors

2. Motor Development a. Gross Motor Sits leaning forward on both hands. Moves from place to place by rolling. Back is straight when sitting in high chair.

b. Fine Motor Can grasp at will. Drops one object when offered another. Begins to transfer objects form one hand to another. Manipulates small objects. Bangs objects that are held.

Sensory Development Localizes sound made above ear level. Enjoys more complex visual stimuli. Moves in order to see an object.

Language Development Babbling Vocalizes monosyllable like ma, da, ba. Recognizes familiar words. Talks to own image in mirror

Social Development Recognizes parents. Extends arms to be picked.